{"id":103557,"date":"2023-01-12T17:24:33","date_gmt":"2023-01-12T16:24:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/researchers-manage-to-grow-mature-neurons-at-the-lab-to-study-neurogenerative-diseases\/"},"modified":"2023-01-12T18:08:02","modified_gmt":"2023-01-12T17:08:02","slug":"researchers-manage-to-grow-mature-neurons-at-the-lab-to-study-neurogenerative-diseases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/neurones-madures-al-laboratori-per-estudiar-malalties-neurodegeneratives","title":{"rendered":"Investigadors aconsegueixen cultivar neurones madures al laboratori per estudiar malalties neurodegeneratives"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Investigadors de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) i de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) han aconseguit crear les primeres neurones altament madures a partir de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules mare pluripotents indu\u00efdes humanes (iPSCs) usant un material sint\u00e8tic, cosa que obre noves oportunitats per a la investigaci\u00f3 m\u00e8dica i possibles ter\u00e0pies per a malalties neurodegeneratives i lesions traum\u00e0tiques. L’estudi acaba de publicar-se a la revista Cell Stem Cell<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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Imatges fluorescents de neurones humanes (tenyides amb vermell, verd i blau) creixent sobre recobriments amb mol\u00e8cules de moviment r\u00e0pid.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fins ara, s’havia aconseguit generar neurones a partir de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules mare pluripotents indu\u00efdes, per\u00f2 aquestes neurones presentaven un grau de maduresa funcional insuficient, semblant al de neurones en etapes primerenques de desenvolupament. Aix\u00f2 limitava la seva capacitat per investigar malalties neurodegeneratives, ja que s\u00f3n les neurones adultes les que degeneren. La maduraci\u00f3 ineficient de les neurones diferenciades a partir d’iPSC, es devia en part a la manca de senyals que es troben a l’entorn de les neurones, la matriu extracel\u00b7lular.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u201cEs tracta de la primera vegada que s’aconsegueixen madurar neurones derivades d’iPSC humanes amb una matriu sint\u00e8tica. Aquesta plataforma permetr\u00e0 als laboratoris disposar de neurones madures humanes per estudiar m\u00faltiples malalties neurol\u00f2giques i desenvolupar noves ter\u00e0pies\u201d, comenta Zaida \u00c1lvarez, investigadora Ram\u00f3n y Cajal a l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) i coprimera autora de l’estudi.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

La matriu extracel\u00b7lular \u00e9s essencial per al desenvolupament de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules al laboratori, ja que proporciona suport estructural, regula la senyalitzaci\u00f3 i diferenciaci\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular, mant\u00e9 la seva integritat i proporciona un ambient adequat per al creixement cel\u00b7lular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per recrear la matriu extracel\u00b7lular i aconseguir una maduraci\u00f3 i funcionalitat similar a les neurones del sistema nervi\u00f3s en conficions fisiol\u00f2giques, els investigadors van utilitzar \u00abmol\u00e8cules ballarines\u00bb, una t\u00e8cnica revolucion\u00e0ria presentada l’any passat per la Dra. Zaida \u00c1lvarez de l’IBEC i el professor Samuel I. Stupp de la Universitat de Northwestern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El primer pas va ser diferenciar les iPSCs humanes en neurones motores i corticals per posteriorment col\u00b7locar-les en nanofibres compostes per \u00abmol\u00e8cules ballarines\u00bb, on els investigadors van observar que la capacitat de senyalitzaci\u00f3 i de ramificaci\u00f3 de les neurones havia millorat, cosa que permetia que es generessin millors contactes sin\u00e0ptics entre si.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Co-autors Zaida \u00c1lvarez (IBEC) i Alberto Ortega (UB)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Els investigadors creuen que, en avan\u00e7ar l’edat de les neurones en cultius cel\u00b7lulars, es podran millorar els experiments per comprendre millor les malalties d’aparici\u00f3 tardana. “Comptar amb neurones madures al laboratori \u00e9s essencial per avan\u00e7ar en la comprensi\u00f3 de malalties neurodegeneratives, com la malaltia d’Alzheimer, Parkinson o l’esclerosi lateral amiotr\u00f2fica (ELA), i en el desenvolupament de ter\u00e0pies eficaces i segures”<\/em>, comenta Alberto Ortega, investigador Ramon i Cajal a la Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB), membre de l’Institut de Neuroci\u00e8ncies de la UB (UBneuro) i co-primer autor de l’estudi.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Habilitats sincronitzades de \u201cball\u201d\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per desenvolupar les neurones madures, els investigadors van utilitzar nanofibres compostes per \u00abmol\u00e8cules ballarines\u00bb, un material que Zaida \u00c1lvarez va desenvolupar al laboratori de Stupp com un tractament potencial per a lesions agudes de la medul\u00b7la espinal. En investigacions anteriors publicades a la revista Science, Zaida \u00c1lvarez va descobrir com canviar el moviment de les mol\u00e8cules perqu\u00e8 puguin trobar i connectar-se de manera m\u00e9s eficient als receptors cel\u00b7lulars que estan en constant moviment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Al nou estudi, Zaida \u00c1lvarez i Alberto Ortega van trobar que les nanofibres amb m\u00e9s moviment molecular van donar lloc a millores en els cultius de neurones humanes. En altres paraules, les neurones cultivades en aquests materials sint\u00e8tics m\u00e9s din\u00e0mics van mostrar m\u00e9s maduresa, amb menys agregaci\u00f3 i amb una senyalitzaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s intensa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Creiem que aix\u00f2 funciona perqu\u00e8 els receptors es mouen molt r\u00e0pid a la membrana cel\u00b7lular i les mol\u00e8cules de senyalitzaci\u00f3 de les nostres bastides tamb\u00e9 es mouen molt r\u00e0pid”<\/em>, explica Stupp, director de l’Institut Simpson Querrey de BioNanotecnologia (SQI) i professor distingit Severo Ochoa a l’IBEC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Com a part de la recerca, es van agafar c\u00e8l\u00b7lules d’un pacient amb ELA per transformar-les en neurones espec\u00edfiques del pacient, el tipus cel\u00b7lular afectat en aquesta malaltia neurodegenerativa. Aquestes neurones es van cultivar durant dos messos en els materials sint\u00e8tics per a desenvolupar caracter\u00edstiques pr\u00f2pies de la malaltia de l’ELA. “Aix\u00f2 no nom\u00e9s ha proporcionat una nova finestra per estudiar l’ELA, sin\u00f3 que aquest sistema tamb\u00e9 es podr\u00e0 utilitzar per estudiar i provar possibles ter\u00e0pies en altres malalties neurol\u00f2giques” comenta Evangelos Kiskinis, professor de neurologia i neuroci\u00e8ncia a l’Escola de Medicina Feinberg de la Universitat Northwestern i investigador Robertson de la New York Stem Cell Foundation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esperances de tractament futur per a lesions de la medul\u00b7la espinal, malalties neurodegeneratives<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e9s endavant, aquestes neurones altament funcionals, gr\u00e0cies al material sint\u00e8tic, podrien trasplantar-se en pacients amb p\u00e8rdua de neurones, per lesi\u00f3 o malaltia, cosa que podria restaurar la cognici\u00f3 o les sensacions perdudes. I, pel fet que les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules inicials podrien provenir del mateix pacient, les neurones derivades i trasplantades no generarien rebuig.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A l’estudi, tamb\u00e9 hi ha participat Kohei Sato investigador a l’escola de ci\u00e8ncies de la vida i tecnologia a l’Institut Tecnol\u00f2gic de T\u00f2quio i Elisabeth Engel, investigadora principal del grup de biomaterials per a ter\u00e0pies regeneratives de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’estudi, \u201cLes bastides de matriu extracel\u00b7lular artificial de mol\u00e8cules m\u00f2bils milloren la maduraci\u00f3 de les neurones derivades de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules mare humanes\u201d, ha rebut finan\u00e7ament de les entitats seg\u00fcents: Ministeri de Ci\u00e8ncia, Govern d’Espanya, beca Mike Lane de Castellers de Vila de Gr\u00e0cia 2021, AFM-Telethon Trampoline, Beatriu de Pins 2019, beca Ramon i Cajal, Centre de Nanomedicina Regenerativa de l’Institut Simpson Querrey de BioNanotecnologia, Institut Nacional de Trastorns Neurol\u00f2gics i Accidents Cerebrovasculars dels Instituts Nacionals de la Salut de l’Envelliment dels NIH, Institut Nacional de Ci\u00e8ncies Biom\u00e8diques dels NIH Imaging and Bioengineers, NIH National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Les Turner ALS Foundation, New York Stem Cell Foundation, Departament d’Energia dels EUA i la Fundaci\u00f3 de Recerca de Veterans Americans Paralitzats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Article de refer\u00e8ncia:\u00a0<\/strong>
Zaida \u00c1lvarez, J. Alberto Ortega, Kohei Sato, Ivan R. Sasselli, Alexandra N. Kolberg-Edelbrock, Ruomeng Qiu, Kelly A. Marshall, Thao Phuong Nguyen, Cara S. Smith, Katharina A. Quinlan, Vasileios Papakis, Zois Syrgiannis, Nicholas A. Sather, Chiara Musumeci, Elisabeth Engel, Samuel I. Stupp and Evangelos Kiskinis. Artificial extracellular matrix scaffolds of mobile molecules enhance maturation of human stem cell-derived neurons<\/a><\/em>. Cell Stem Cell (2023), DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2022.12.010<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Investigadors de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) i de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) han aconseguit crear les primeres neurones altament madures a partir de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules mare pluripotents indu\u00efdes … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":103548,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1769,538,1899,1969],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-103557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-biomaterials-for-regenerative-therapies-ca","tag-malalties-neurodegeneratives","tag-neurons-ca","tag-zaida-alvarez"],"yoast_head":"\nInvestigadors aconsegueixen cultivar neurones madures al laboratori per estudiar malalties neurodegeneratives - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/neurones-madures-al-laboratori-per-estudiar-malalties-neurodegeneratives\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Investigadors aconsegueixen cultivar neurones madures al laboratori per estudiar malalties neurodegeneratives - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Investigadors de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) i de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) han aconseguit crear les primeres neurones altament madures a partir de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules mare pluripotents indu\u00efdes ... 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