{"id":125682,"date":"2025-05-14T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-14T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=125682"},"modified":"2025-05-13T17:00:04","modified_gmt":"2025-05-13T15:00:04","slug":"sugar-coated-nanotherapy-dramatically-improves-neuron-survival-in-neurodegenerative-model","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/una-nanoterapia-recoberta-de-sucre-protegeix-les-neurones-en-malalties-neurodegeneratives","title":{"rendered":"Una nanoter\u00e0pia recoberta de sucre protegeix les neurones en malalties neurodegeneratives"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

El nou tractament, basat en nanofibres i trehalosa, un sucre natural de les plantes, atrapa i neutralitza les prote\u00efnes t\u00f2xiques per aturar la progressi\u00f3 de la malaltia.<\/strong> Un cop atrapades, les prote\u00efnes t\u00f2xiques ja no poden penetrar en les neurones i es degraden sense causar danys.<\/strong> L’estudi, publicat a la revista Journal of the American Chemical Society ha estat desenvolupat per cient\u00edfics de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) i la Northwestern University, als Estats Units.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Imatge\u00a0SEM\u00a0(microsc\u00f2pia electr\u00f2nica de rastreig) de\u00a0nanofibres presa en un laboratori de la\u00a0UNC \/ Cr\u00e8dit: Deander4, CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>, via Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cient\u00edfics de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) i de la Northwestern University als Estats Units, han desenvolupat un nou enfocament que combat directament la progressi\u00f3 de malalties neurodegeneratives com l’Alzheimer i l’esclerosi lateral amiotr\u00f2fica (ELA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En aquestes malalties devastadores, les prote\u00efnes es pleguen malament i s’aglutinen entorn de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules neuronals del cervell i la medul\u00b7la espinal, cosa que en \u00faltima inst\u00e0ncia condueix a la mort cel\u00b7lular. El nou tractament atrapa efica\u00e7ment les prote\u00efnes abans que puguin agregar-se en estructures t\u00f2xiques capaces de penetrar en les neurones. Un cop atrapades, les prote\u00efnes es degraden sense causar danys en l’organisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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El nostre tractament funciona atrapant les prote\u00efnes mal plegades i evitant que formin agregats t\u00f2xics en una fase primerenca. Amb la recerca continuada, creiem que aquest enfocament podria alentir significativament la progressi\u00f3 de la malaltia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaida \u00c1lvarez<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Aquesta estrat\u00e8gia de \u00abneteja\u00bb es va provar en neurones humanes cultivades en laboratori i sotmeses a l’estr\u00e8s de prote\u00efnes causants de malalties. Els resultats van mostrar un augment significatiu de la superviv\u00e8ncia de les neurones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Distingit com a Elecci\u00f3 dels Editors de l’ACS<\/em>, l’estudi s’ha publicat avui a la revista Journal of the American Chemical Society<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abEl nostre estudi posa en relleu l’apassionant potencial dels nanomaterials d’enginyeria molecular per abordar l’origen de les malalties neurodegeneratives\u00bb, afirma Samuel I. Stupp<\/a>, de Northwestern, un dels autors principals d’aquest projecte. \u00abEn moltes d’aquestes malalties, les prote\u00efnes perden la seva estructura plegada funcional i s’agreguen per formar fibres destructives que penetren en les neurones i s\u00f3n altament t\u00f2xiques per a elles\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abEl nostre tractament funciona atrapant les prote\u00efnes mal plegades i evitant que formin agregats t\u00f2xics en una fase primerenca. Aix\u00f2 inclou el bloqueig de la formaci\u00f3 d’olig\u00f2mers solubles i fibres amiloides curtes, estructures conegudes per penetrar en les neurones i causar el dany m\u00e9s gran. Amb la recerca continuada, creiem que aquest enfocament podria alentir significativament la progressi\u00f3 de la malaltia.\u00bb, comenta Zaida \u00c1lvarez, investigadora principal del grup de Biomaterials per a la Regeneraci\u00f3 Neural de<\/a> l’IBEC i una de les autores principal d’aquest projecte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una soluci\u00f3 recoberta de sucre<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Segons l’Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut, fins a 50 milions de persones a tot el m\u00f3n podrien patir un trastorn neurodegeneratiu. La majoria d’aquestes malalties es caracteritzen per l’acumulaci\u00f3 de prote\u00efnes mal plegades al cervell, cosa que condueix a la p\u00e8rdua progressiva de neurones. Tot i que els tractaments actuals ofereixen un alleujament limitat, continua existint una necessitat acusant de noves ter\u00e0pies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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L’avantatge dels f\u00e0rmacs basats en p\u00e8ptids \u00e9s que es degraden en nutrients. Les mol\u00e8cules d’aquest innovador concepte terap\u00e8utic es descomponen en l\u00edpids, amino\u00e0cids i sucres innocus. Aix\u00f2 significa que hi ha menys efectes secundaris adversos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samuel I. Stupp<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Per afrontar aquest repte, els investigadors van rec\u00f3rrer a una mena de p\u00e8ptids amfif\u00edlics -amb un extrem hidrof\u00edlic i un altre hidr\u00f2fob- que contenen cadenes modificades d’amino\u00e0cids. Els p\u00e8ptids amfif\u00edlics ja s’utilitzen en f\u00e0rmacs coneguts com la semaglutida o Ozempic. De fet, els investigadors de Northwestern van desenvolupar una mol\u00e8cula similar el 2012 que potenciava la producci\u00f3 d’insulina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abL’avantatge dels f\u00e0rmacs basats en p\u00e8ptids \u00e9s que es degraden en nutrients\u00bb, va dir Stupp. \u00abLes mol\u00e8cules d’aquest innovador concepte terap\u00e8utic es descomponen en l\u00edpids, amino\u00e0cids i sucres innocus. Aix\u00f2 significa que hi ha menys efectes secundaris adversos\u00bb. Per desenvolupar un p\u00e8ptid amfif\u00edlic per tractar malalties neurodegeneratives, el seu equip va afegir un ingredient extra: un sucre natural anomenat trehalosa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abLa trehalosa es troba de forma natural en plantes, fongs i insectes\u00bb, explica la primera autora, Zijun Gao. \u00abEls protegeix dels canvis de temperatura, sobretot de la deshidrataci\u00f3 i la congelaci\u00f3. D’altres han descobert que la trehalosa pot protegir moltes macromol\u00e8cules biol\u00f2giques, incloses les prote\u00efnes. Aix\u00ed que vol\u00edem veure si pod\u00edem fer-la servir per estabilitzar prote\u00efnes mal plegades\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La inestabilitat \u00e9s la clau<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Quan es van afegir a l’aigua, els p\u00e8ptids amfif\u00edlics es van autoassemblar en nanofibres recobertes de trehalosa. Sorprenentment, la trehalosa va desestabilitzar les nanofibres. Encara que sembli contradictori, aquesta disminuci\u00f3 de l’estabilitat va tenir un efecte benefici\u00f3s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per si mateixes, les nanofibres s\u00f3n fortes i ordenades, i resistents a la reorganitzaci\u00f3 de la seva estructura. Aix\u00f2 fa m\u00e9s dif\u00edcil que altres mol\u00e8cules, com les prote\u00efnes mal plegades, s’integrin en les fibres. En canvi, les fibres menys estables s\u00f3n m\u00e9s din\u00e0miques i m\u00e9s propenses a trobar prote\u00efnes t\u00f2xiques i interactuar-hi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les molestes prote\u00efnes beta-amiloides, que haurien format fibres amiloides, estan atrapades dins el p\u00e8ptid amfif\u00edlic. Ja no poden penetrar en les neurones i matar-les. \u00c9s com un equip de neteja de prote\u00efnes mal plegades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zijun Gao<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u00abEls assemblatges inestables de mol\u00e8cules s\u00f3n molt reactius\u00bb, explica Stupp. \u00abVolen interactuar amb altres mol\u00e8cules i unir-s’hi. Si les nanofibres fossin estables, ignorarien alegrement tot el que les envolta\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A la recerca d’estabilitat, les nanofibres es van unir a les prote\u00efnes beta-amiloides, una de les principals responsables de la malaltia d’Alzheimer. Per\u00f2 les nanofibres no es van limitar a impedir que les prote\u00efnes beta-amiloides s’aglutinessin, sin\u00f3 que a m\u00e9s les van incorporar per complet a les seves pr\u00f2pies estructures fibroses, atrapant-les permanentment en filaments estables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abJa no es tracta d’una fibra amfif\u00edlica pept\u00eddica\u00bb, explica Gao. \u00abSi no una nova estructura h\u00edbrida que compr\u00e8n tant el p\u00e8ptid amfif\u00edlic com la prote\u00efna beta-amiloide. Aix\u00f2 significa que les molestes prote\u00efnes beta-amiloides, que haurien format fibres amiloides, estan atrapades. Ja no poden penetrar en les neurones i matar-les. \u00c9s com un equip de neteja de prote\u00efnes mal plegades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abEs tracta d’un mecanisme innovador per a atallar la progressi\u00f3 de les malalties neurodegeneratives, com l’alzheimer, en una fase m\u00e9s primerenca. Les ter\u00e0pies actuals es basen en la producci\u00f3 d’anticossos per a les fibres amiloides ben formades\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Millorar la superviv\u00e8ncia de les neurones<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Per avaluar el potencial terap\u00e8utic del nou enfocament, els cient\u00edfics van dur a terme proves de laboratori amb neurones humanes derivades de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules mare. Els resultats van mostrar que les nanofibres recobertes de trehalosa milloraven significativament la superviv\u00e8ncia de les neurones motores i corticals quan s’exposaven a la prote\u00efna t\u00f2xica beta-amiloide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nova metodologia d’utilitzar nanofibres inestables per atrapar prote\u00efnes ofereix una via prometedora per desenvolupar ter\u00e0pies noves i eficaces contra l’alzheimer, l’ELA i altres malalties neurodegeneratives. Igual que els tractaments contra el c\u00e0ncer combinen m\u00faltiples ter\u00e0pies -com la quimioter\u00e0pia i la cirurgia o la ter\u00e0pia hormonal i la radiaci\u00f3-, la nanoter\u00e0pia podria ser m\u00e9s efica\u00e7 quan es combina amb altres tractaments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abLa nostra ter\u00e0pia podria funcionar millor si es dirigeix a les malalties en una fase primerenca, abans que les prote\u00efnes agregades entrin a les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules\u00bb, explica \u00c1lvarez. \u00abPer\u00f2 \u00e9s dif\u00edcil diagnosticar aquestes malalties en fases primerenques. Per tant, podria combinar-se amb ter\u00e0pies dirigides a s\u00edmptomes de la malaltia en fases posteriors. Llavors, podria ser un doble cop\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pioner de la medicina regenerativa, Stupp \u00e9s catedr\u00e0tic del Consell d’Administraci\u00f3 de Ci\u00e8ncia i Enginyeria de Materials, Qu\u00edmica, Medicina i Enginyeria Biom\u00e8dica a la Northwestern, on \u00e9s professor a l’Escola d’Enginyeria McCormick, la Facultat d’Arts i Ci\u00e8ncies Weinberg i la Facultat de Medicina Feinberg. Tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s el director fundador del Centre de Nanomedicina Regenerativa (CRN). Zijun Gao, doctoranda al laboratori de Stupp, \u00e9s la primera autora de l’article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els grups de Stupp i \u00c1lvarez han dirigit el desenvolupament, la caracteritzaci\u00f3 i la validaci\u00f3 dels nous materials terap\u00e8utics. Zaida, coautora de l’article -investigadora principal de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) i actualment investigadora visitant al CRN- va dirigir les proves de les ter\u00e0pies en models de neurones humanes in vitro<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’estudi, \u00abSupramolecular copolymerization of glycopeptide amphiphiles and amyloid peptides improves neuron survival\u00bb, ha comptat amb el suport del Centre de Nanomedicina Regenerativa, l’Institut de Qu\u00edmica dels Processos de la Vida, el Ministeri de Ci\u00e8ncia espanyol, l’Institut Nacional sobre l’Envelliment dels Instituts Nacionals de la Salut i la NextGenerationEU de la Uni\u00f3 Europea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Article de refer\u00e8ncia:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zijun Gao, Ruomeng Qiu, Dhwanit R. Dave, Palash Chandravanshi, Gisele P. Soares, Cara S. Smith, J. Alberto Ortega, Liam C. Palmer, Zaida \u00c1lvarez, and Samuel I. Stupp.Supramolecular Copolymerization of Glycopeptide Amphiphiles and Amyloid Peptides Improves Neuron Survival. <\/strong>Journal of the American Chemical Society (2025). DOI:<\/em> 10.1021\/jacs.5c00105<\/em><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El nou tractament, basat en nanofibres i trehalosa, un sucre natural de les plantes, atrapa i neutralitza les prote\u00efnes t\u00f2xiques per aturar la progressi\u00f3 de la malaltia. Un cop atrapades, les prote\u00efnes t\u00f2xiques ja no poden penetrar en les neurones i es degraden sense causar danys. L’estudi, publicat a la revista Journal of the American Chemical Society ha estat desenvolupat per cient\u00edfics de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) i la Northwestern University, als Estats Units.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":125669,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1627,1965,538,1972,1970],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-125682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-alzheimer-ca-2","tag-biomaterials-for-neural-regeneration-group-ca","tag-malalties-neurodegeneratives","tag-samuel-stupp-ca","tag-zaida-alvarez-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nUna nanoter\u00e0pia recoberta de sucre protegeix les neurones en malalties neurodegeneratives - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/una-nanoterapia-recoberta-de-sucre-protegeix-les-neurones-en-malalties-neurodegeneratives\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Una nanoter\u00e0pia recoberta de sucre protegeix les neurones en malalties neurodegeneratives - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El nou tractament, basat en nanofibres i trehalosa, un sucre natural de les plantes, atrapa i neutralitza les prote\u00efnes t\u00f2xiques per aturar la progressi\u00f3 de la malaltia. 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