{"id":127672,"date":"2025-07-25T19:55:49","date_gmt":"2025-07-25T17:55:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=127672"},"modified":"2025-07-22T16:27:27","modified_gmt":"2025-07-22T14:27:27","slug":"scientists-create-an-artificial-cell-capable-of-navigating-its-environment-using-chemistry-alone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/creen-una-celula-artificial-capac-orientar-se-utilitzant-nomes-la-quimica","title":{"rendered":"Creen una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula artificial capa\u00e7 d’orientar-se utilitzant nom\u00e9s la qu\u00edmica"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Investigadors de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) han creat la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula artificial m\u00e9s senzilla del m\u00f3n capa\u00e7 de navegar qu\u00edmicament, migrant cap a subst\u00e0ncies espec\u00edfiques com ho fan les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules vives.<\/strong> Aquest aven\u00e7, publicat a la revista Science Advances<\/em>, demostra com les ves\u00edcules, bombolles microsc\u00f2piques, es poden programar per seguir rastres qu\u00edmics. Aquest descobriment revela els m\u00ednims elements necessaris per fer que la vida sint\u00e8tica es mogui amb un prop\u00f2sit.<\/strong> Descodificar com naveguen les ves\u00edcules permet entendre com es comuniquen les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules i transporten la seva c\u00e0rrega, i proporciona un model per dissenyar sistemes d’administraci\u00f3 de f\u00e0rmacs dirigits.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Giuseppe Battaglia (esquerra) i B\u00e1rbara Borges (dreta).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Un equip de recerca de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC)<\/a> ha creat la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula artificial m\u00e9s senzilla del m\u00f3n capa\u00e7 de navegar qu\u00edmicament<\/strong>, migrant cap a subst\u00e0ncies espec\u00edfiques com ho fan les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules vives. Aquest aven\u00e7, publicat a la revista cient\u00edfica Science Advances<\/em>, demostra com es poden programar bombolles microsc\u00f2piques per seguir rastres qu\u00edmics. L’estudi descriu el desenvolupament d’una “c\u00e8l\u00b7lula m\u00ednima” en forma de ves\u00edcula lip\u00eddica que encapsula enzims capa\u00e7os d’autopropulsar-se a trav\u00e9s de la quimiotaxi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Els bacteris en depenen per trobar aliment, els gl\u00f2buls blancs la fan servir per arribar als focus d’infecci\u00f3 i fins i tot els espermatozoides naveguen cap a l’\u00f2vul a trav\u00e9s de la quimiotaxi<\/em>. En recrear la quimiotaxi en un sistema sint\u00e8tic m\u00ednim, el nostre objectiu \u00e9s descobrir els principis fonamentals que fan possible aquest moviment<\/em><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e1rbara Borges<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u00abEls bacteris en depenen per trobar aliment, els gl\u00f2buls blancs la fan servir per arribar als focus d’infecci\u00f3 i fins i tot els espermatozoides naveguen cap a l’\u00f2vul a trav\u00e9s de la quimiotaxi\u00bb<\/em>, explica B\u00e1rbara Borges Fernandes<\/strong>, estudiant de doctorat en el grup de Bi\u00f2nica Molecular<\/a> de l’IBEC, professora de la Facultat de F\u00edsica de la Universitat de Barcelona i primera autora de l’estudi. \u00abEl que ens sembla especialment fascinant \u00e9s que aquest tipus de moviment dirigit pot produir-se fins i tot sense la complexa maquin\u00e0ria que hi sol intervenir, com els flagels o les intricades vies de senyalitzaci\u00f3 molecular. En recrear la quimiotaxi en un sistema sint\u00e8tic m\u00ednim, el nostre objectiu \u00e9s descobrir els principis fonamentals que fan possible aquest moviment\u201d,<\/em> afegeix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ser capa\u00e7 de dissenyar una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula artificial podria ajudar els cient\u00edfics a comprendre millor com les unitats cel\u00b7lulars impulsen l’evoluci\u00f3 cap a estructures m\u00e9s complexes. “Aquestes c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques s\u00f3n com pl\u00e0nols per al sistema de navegaci\u00f3 de la natura”, diu l’autor principal, el professor Giuseppe Battaglia<\/strong>, professor de recerca ICREA a l’IBEC, investigador principal del Grup de Bi\u00f2nica Molecular i l\u00edder de l’estudi. “Constru\u00efm simple per comprendre en profunditat”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liposomes i porus: vaixells i motors<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Per aconseguir-ho, l’equip de recerca va estudiar com es mouen aquestes petites “c\u00e8l\u00b7lules” en forma de ves\u00edcules en gradients de dos substrats: glucosa i urea. Van encapsular enzims de glucosa oxidasa o ureasa dins de liposomes -ves\u00edcules basades en l\u00edpids-, per convertir la glucosa i la urea en els seus respectius productes finals. A continuaci\u00f3, van modificar els liposomes afegint una prote\u00efna de membrana. Aquesta prote\u00efna forma porus a la paret del liposoma que actuen com un canal a trav\u00e9s del qual els substrats entren a la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula sint\u00e8tica i els productes de les reaccions surten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Aquestes c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques s\u00f3n com pl\u00e0nols per al sistema de navegaci\u00f3 de la natura. Constru\u00efm simple per comprendre en profunditat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Giuseppe Battaglia<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Se sap que perqu\u00e8 tingui lloc el moviment actiu hi ha d’haver una ruptura de la simetria. En atrapar els enzims dins de la part\u00edcula i utilitzar els porus com els principals punts d’intercanvi, es genera una difer\u00e8ncia en la concentraci\u00f3 qu\u00edmica al voltant de la part\u00edcula. Aix\u00f2 provoca un flux de fluid al llarg de la superf\u00edcie de la ves\u00edcula i dirigeix el moviment de la part\u00edcula. \u00c9s com si el liposoma fos un petit vaixell i el porus i l’enzim fossin el seu motor i el seu sistema de navegaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Representaci\u00f3 esquem\u00e0tica de la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula quimiot\u00e0ctica m\u00ednima.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Del transport passiu a la quimiotaxi activa<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Els cient\u00edfics van analitzar el transport de m\u00e9s de 10.000 ves\u00edcules dins de canals microflu\u00eddics amb gradients de glucosa o ureasa per comprendre el comportament general d’aquestes part\u00edcules. Van estudiar les traject\u00f2ries de ves\u00edcules amb un nombre variable de porus i les van comparar amb les traject\u00f2ries de ves\u00edcules de control que mancaven de porus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abVam observar que les ves\u00edcules de control es desplacen cap a concentracions de substrat m\u00e9s baixes a causa d’efectes passius, diferents de la quimiotaxi. A mesura que augmenta el nombre de porus a les ves\u00edcules, tamb\u00e9 ho fa el component quimiot\u00e0ctic. Aix\u00f2 inverteix la direcci\u00f3 del moviment, fent que les ves\u00edcules es desplacin cap a \u00e0rees amb m\u00e9s concentracions de substrat”,<\/em> explica Borges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquests resultats s\u00f3n prometedors des del punt de vista bioqu\u00edmic perqu\u00e8 els elements estudiats s\u00f3n presents en l’estructura de la gran majoria de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abObservem detingudament com es mouen les ves\u00edcules. S\u00f3n petites bombolles que amaguen els secrets sobre com les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules es parlen entre si, com transporten la c\u00e0rrega de la vida. Per\u00f2 la maquin\u00e0ria de la biologia \u00e9s sorollosa, t\u00e9 massa peces! Aix\u00ed que fem trampa i ho reconstru\u00efm de forma simplificada, amb nom\u00e9s tres peces: una membrana, un enzim i un porus. Sense complicacions, les regles abans ocultes ara surten a la llum. Aquest \u00e9s el poder de la biologia sint\u00e8tica: desmuntem un trencaclosques fins als seus ossos i, de sobte, som capa\u00e7os de veure la m\u00fasica en el caos. El que abans semblava un embolic, ara passa a ser qu\u00edmica, pura i elegant, fent m\u00e9s amb menys\u00bb, descriu Battaglia.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’estudi s’ha realitzat en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb l’equip de Jos\u00e9 Miguel Rub\u00ed a la Universitat de Barcelona (UB)<\/strong>, els quals han realitzat les prediccions te\u00f2riques. L’estudi tamb\u00e9 ha comptat amb la participaci\u00f3 de l’Institut de F\u00edsica de Sistemes Vius<\/strong> i el Departament de Qu\u00edmica del University College London<\/strong>, la Universitat de Liverpool<\/strong>, l’Institut Biofisika (CSIC-UPV\/EHU)<\/strong> i la Fundaci\u00f3 Ikerbasque per a la Ci\u00e8ncia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Barbara Borges-Fernandes, Azzurra Apriceno, Andres Arango-Restrepo, Safa Almadhi, Subhadip Ghosh, Joe Forth, Jorge Pedro Lopez-Alonso, Iban Ubarretxena-Belandia, Jose Miguel Rubi, Lorena Ruiz-Perez, Ian Williams and Giuseppe Battaglia. The minimal chemotactic cell. <\/strong>Science Advances<\/em> (2025). DOI: 10.1126\/sciadv.adx9364<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Investigadors de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) han creat la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula artificial m\u00e9s senzilla del m\u00f3n capa\u00e7 de navegar qu\u00edmicament, migrant cap a subst\u00e0ncies espec\u00edfiques com ho fan les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules vives. Aquest aven\u00e7, publicat a la revista Science Advances, demostra com les ves\u00edcules, bombolles microsc\u00f2piques, es poden programar per seguir rastres qu\u00edmics. Aquest descobriment revela els m\u00ednims elements necessaris per fer que la vida sint\u00e8tica es mogui amb un prop\u00f2sit. Descodificar com naveguen les ves\u00edcules permet entendre com es comuniquen les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules i transporten la seva c\u00e0rrega, i proporciona un model per dissenyar sistemes d’administraci\u00f3 de f\u00e0rmacs dirigits.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":127616,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1104,2000],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-127672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-giuseppe-battaglia-ca","tag-molecular-bionics-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nCreen una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula artificial capa\u00e7 d'orientar-se utilitzant nom\u00e9s la qu\u00edmica - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/creen-una-celula-artificial-capac-orientar-se-utilitzant-nomes-la-quimica\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Creen una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula artificial capa\u00e7 d'orientar-se utilitzant nom\u00e9s la qu\u00edmica - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Investigadors de l'Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) han creat la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula artificial m\u00e9s senzilla del m\u00f3n capa\u00e7 de navegar qu\u00edmicament, migrant cap a subst\u00e0ncies espec\u00edfiques com ho fan les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules vives. 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