{"id":128321,"date":"2025-09-10T17:10:32","date_gmt":"2025-09-10T15:10:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=128321"},"modified":"2025-09-10T17:18:24","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T15:18:24","slug":"biohybrid-robotics-muscles-and-tendons-for-robots","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/robotica-biohibrida-musculs-i-tendons-per-a-robots","title":{"rendered":"Rob\u00f2tica bioh\u00edbrida: m\u00fasculs i tendons per a robots"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Investigadors del Laboratori de Rob\u00f2tica Blanda de l’ETH Zurich, en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, han desenvolupat un sistema bioh\u00edbrid que imita la interf\u00edcie biol\u00f2gica entre els ossos i els m\u00fasculs, la qual cosa permet una millor transmissi\u00f3 de la for\u00e7a. Aquesta tecnologia podria aplicar-se no nom\u00e9s en rob\u00f2tica, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 en el desenvolupament d’implants m\u00e8dics.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Bra\u00e7 rob\u00f2tic al Laboratori de Rob\u00f2tica Blanda. (Imatge: Laboratori de Rob\u00f2tica Blanda\/ETH Zurich)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Els m\u00fasculs s\u00f3n potents, per\u00f2 flexibles i tous. Tamb\u00e9 tenen un alt grau de control motor fi, poden agarrar fins i tot objectes delicats i s\u00f3n capa\u00e7os d’autoreparar-se en cas de lesions lleus. Un factor clau en la transmissi\u00f3 precisa i efica\u00e7 de la for\u00e7a \u00e9s el paper dels tendons, que connecten els m\u00fasculs amb els ossos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per transferir aquestes propietats a la rob\u00f2tica, els cient\u00edfics estan investigant solucions bioh\u00edbrides. Aquestes combinen materials sint\u00e8tics i biol\u00f2gics per replicar l’estructura i la funci\u00f3 del teixit biol\u00f2gic i el moviment dels organismes vius. En el futur, els robots bioh\u00edbrids podrien millorar la interacci\u00f3 entre humans i m\u00e0quines en camps com l’assist\u00e8ncia sanit\u00e0ria, la medicina i la rob\u00f2tica assistencial. Aquest enfocament tamb\u00e9 podria impulsar el desenvolupament d’implants bioh\u00edbrids per a humans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un equip de recerca interdisciplinari dirigit pel Laboratori de Rob\u00f2tica Blanda de l’ETH de Z\u00farich, amb la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 d’investigadors del grup de Dispositius Nano-Bio Intel\u00b7ligents de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), dirigit per Samuel S\u00e1nchez, i la Universitat de Barcelona, ha aconseguit crear una innovadora interf\u00edcie musculosa. El resultat \u00e9s un model totalment funcional fet de teixit biol\u00f2gic viu que reprodueix l’estructura dels tendons i la seva transici\u00f3 al m\u00fascul \u2014l’anomenada uni\u00f3 miotendinosa\u2014 i que, alhora, permet una millor integraci\u00f3 amb els sistemes t\u00e8cnics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abLa nostra soluci\u00f3 es basa en un actuador bioimpr\u00e8s en 3D que imita estructuralment i funcionalment la connexi\u00f3 natural entre el m\u00fascul i l’os\u00bb, explica Miriam Filippi, autora principal de l’article cient\u00edfic i investigadora del Laboratori de Rob\u00f2tica Blanda, dirigit pel professor Robert Katzschmann. El m\u00fascul i el tend\u00f3 es van crear a partir de teixit cel\u00b7lular biol\u00f2gic i es van connectar a un os fabricat amb material sint\u00e8tic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abAquest estudi representa un gran aven\u00e7 en el desenvolupament d’unitats funcionals de m\u00fascul-tend\u00f3, assentant les bases per a sistemes bioh\u00edbrids que uneixen la biologia i la rob\u00f2tica\u00bb, explica Katzschmann. \u00abEstem donant el seg\u00fcent gran pas cap als robots musculoesquel\u00e8tics investigant com integrar m\u00fasculs i tendons reals en unitats funcionals\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La biologia com a model<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

El repte m\u00e9s gran era que, en la interf\u00edcie entre els materials biol\u00f2gics i sint\u00e8tics, les forces sovint es transmeten malament, cosa que provoca p\u00e8rdues d’energia. Per resoldre aquest problema, l’equip es va fixar en l’estructura natural del sistema musculoesquel\u00e8tic, on els tendons actuen com a intermediaris entre els m\u00fasculs i els ossos. \u00abDesenvolupem un tend\u00f3 a partir de teixit cel\u00b7lular impr\u00e8s, amb un nivell de rigidesa entre el del m\u00fascul viu i el d’un segment r\u00edgid que imita l’os. Aix\u00f2 permet un acoblament estable entre components biol\u00f2gics tous i components sint\u00e8tics r\u00edgids\u00bb, afirma Filippi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
La interf\u00edcie bioh\u00edbrida entre m\u00fasculs i tendons. (Gr\u00e0fics: Soft Robotics Lab\/ETH Zurich)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L’actuador viu es va crear mitjan\u00e7ant bioimpressi\u00f3 3D, amb c\u00e8l\u00b7lules musculars i ancoratges similars a tendons que contenen c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de teixit connectiu impreses en una plataforma. Es va utilitzar una an\u00e0lisi assistida per ordinador per optimitzar la forma i l’estructura de l’actuador. En les proves d’aplicaci\u00f3 inicials, els actuadors bioimpresos en 3D van demostrar una capacitat de contracci\u00f3 fiable i estable a llarg termini, la qual cosa suposa un avan\u00e7 clau per a l’\u00fas de components bioh\u00edbrids en sistemes rob\u00f2tics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aplicacions en medicina<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00abEl treball demostra com es pot aprofitar el teixit biol\u00f2gic dissenyat per reproduir la mec\u00e0nica dels sistemes musculoesquel\u00e8tics naturals, la qual cosa suposa un aven\u00e7 tant en la recerca fonamental com en les aplicacions en els camps de la rob\u00f2tica tova, la tecnologia bioinspirada i la medicina regenerativa\u00bb, afirma Katzschmann. Una possible aplicaci\u00f3 m\u00e8dica \u00e9s el modelatge biomec\u00e0nic de l’o\u00efda mitjana, concretament la interacci\u00f3 entre l’estrep (un petit os) i el m\u00fascul de l\u2019estrep (Musculus stapedius). Altres possibles usos s\u00f3n les pr\u00f2tesis adaptatives, els sistemes rob\u00f2tics integrats biol\u00f2gicament o els teixits de substituci\u00f3 conreats en laboratori.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adaptat d’una not\u00edcia del Departament d’Enginyeria Mec\u00e0nica i de Processos, ETH Zurich.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Miriam Filippi, Diana Mock, Judith Fuentes, Mike Y. Michelis, Aiste Balciunaite, Pablo Paniagua, Raoul Hopf, Adina Barteld, Selina Eng, Asia Badolato, Jess Snedeker, Maria Guix, Samuel Sanchez, and Robert K. Katzschmann. Multicellular muscle-tendon bioprinting of mechanically optimized musculoskeletalbioactuators with enhanced force transmission<\/strong>. Science Advances<\/em> (2025). DOI: 10.1126\/sciadv.adv2628<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Investigadors del Laboratori de Rob\u00f2tica Blanda de l’ETH Zurich, en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, han desenvolupat un sistema bioh\u00edbrid que imita la interf\u00edcie biol\u00f2gica entre els ossos i els m\u00fasculs, la qual cosa permet una millor transmissi\u00f3 de la for\u00e7a. Aquesta tecnologia podria aplicar-se no nom\u00e9s en rob\u00f2tica, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 en el desenvolupament d’implants m\u00e8dics.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":128314,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1767,1140,1818],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-128321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-bioimpressio-3d-ca","tag-samuel-sanchez-ca","tag-smart-nano-bio-devices-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nRob\u00f2tica bioh\u00edbrida: m\u00fasculs i tendons per a robots - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/robotica-biohibrida-musculs-i-tendons-per-a-robots\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rob\u00f2tica bioh\u00edbrida: m\u00fasculs i tendons per a robots - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Investigadors del Laboratori de Rob\u00f2tica Blanda de l'ETH Zurich, en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb l'Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, han desenvolupat un sistema bioh\u00edbrid que imita la interf\u00edcie biol\u00f2gica entre els ossos i els m\u00fasculs, la qual cosa permet una millor transmissi\u00f3 de la for\u00e7a. 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