{"id":128708,"date":"2025-10-01T08:47:18","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T06:47:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=128708"},"modified":"2026-02-02T16:49:58","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T15:49:58","slug":"scientists-discover-a-key-role-of-protons-and-superoxide-ions-in-the-respiratory-chain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/descobert-un-paper-clau-dels-protons-i-els-ions-superoxid-en-la-cadena-respiratoria","title":{"rendered":"Descobert un paper clau dels protons i els ions super\u00f2xid en la cadena respirat\u00f2ria"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Un estudi liderat per l\u2019Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) revela que els protons i les esp\u00e8cies reactives d\u2019oxigen s\u00f3n mitjancers en el transport de c\u00e0rrega a llarga dist\u00e0ncia en la cadena respirat\u00f2ria mitocondrial, un proc\u00e9s fonamental en la respiraci\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular dels organismes. Comprendre aquests mecanismes \u00e9s clau, ja que els mitocondris actuen com la central energ\u00e8tica de totes les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules i la seva alteraci\u00f3 s\u2019associa a nombroses malalties.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Comparaci\u00f3 del centre actiu del citocrom c en diferents estats. (a) Forma redu\u00efda i (b) forma oxidada, on es veu com canvia el comportament d\u2019alguns amino\u00e0cids en funci\u00f3 de l\u2019estat redox. (c) En verd, els residus que mostren una difer\u00e8ncia significativa entre ambd\u00f3s estats i que coincideixen amb prediccions computacionals. El grup hemo es mostra en groc.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Investigadors de l\u2019Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) i el CIBER-BBN, en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb equips de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) i de l\u2019Instituto de Investigaciones Qu\u00edmicas \u2013 cicCartuja, del CSIC i de la Universitat de Sevilla, han descobert que el transport de c\u00e0rrega a llarga dist\u00e0ncia entre dues prote\u00efnes clau de la cadena respirat\u00f2ria mitocondrial \u2014el citocrom c<\/em>  i el complex respiratori III\u2014 t\u00e9 com a mitjancers els protons i l’i\u00f3 super\u00f2xid, una esp\u00e8cie reactiva d\u2019oxigen. L\u2019estudi, publicat recentment a la revista Small<\/em><\/a>, ha estat liderat per Pau Gorostiza, professor de recerca ICREA i cap del grup de Nanosondes i Nanocommutadors<\/a> de l\u2019IBEC, amb Anna Lagunas, investigadora s\u00e8nior del grup de Nanobioenginyeria<\/a> del mateix centre, com a primera autora. Tots dos s\u00f3n tamb\u00e9 membres del CIBER-BBN.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Entendre aquests mecanismes b\u00e0sics \u00e9s essencial, perqu\u00e8 els mitocondris s\u00f3n la central energ\u00e8tica de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules i la seva disfunci\u00f3 est\u00e0 relacionada amb moltes malaltie<\/em>s<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anna Lagunas<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Tot i que es tracta d\u2019una recerca fonamental, l\u2019impacte d\u2019aquest treball \u00e9s doble: per una banda, ajuda a entendre millor la regulaci\u00f3 de la respiraci\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular i, per l\u2019altra, podria inspirar noves aplicacions en camps emergents. \u00abEntendre aquests mecanismes b\u00e0sics \u00e9s essencial, perqu\u00e8 els mitocondris s\u00f3n la central energ\u00e8tica de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules i la seva disfunci\u00f3 est\u00e0 relacionada amb moltes malalties\u00bb<\/em> detalla Lagunas. \u00abA m\u00e9s, aquesta troballa podria inspirar el desenvolupament de nous dispositius prot\u00f2nics, equivalents als electr\u00f2nics per\u00f2 que funcionen amb c\u00e0rrega positiva\u00bb<\/em>, afegeix Gorostiza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aquest treball culmina una l\u00ednia de recerca que tots aquests equips porten desenvolupant en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 des de fa anys i de la qual el 2018 es van publicar els primers resultats<\/a>, quan els investigadors van demostrar per primer cop que dues prote\u00efnes podien transferir electrons a dist\u00e0ncies sorprenentment llargues a trav\u00e9s d\u2019una soluci\u00f3 aquosa, sense necessitat de formar un complex estable. Posteriorment, el 2022, es va publicar un segon estudi<\/a> que va revelar com la fosforilaci\u00f3 regula aquest proc\u00e9s i la seva rellev\u00e0ncia en la senyalitzaci\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular. El nou article completa aquesta \u201ctrilogia\u201d, en paraules de Pau Gorostiza: \u00abS\u00f3n tres peces d\u2019una mateixa hist\u00f2ria. Aquest cap\u00edtol de la s\u00e8rie deixa obertes algunes preguntes intrigants per\u00f2 ens dona una perspectiva molt m\u00e9s \u00e0mplia sobre com pot funcionar aquest mecanisme fonamental\u00bb<\/em>.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A questa troballa podria inspirar el desenvolupament de nous dispositius prot\u00f2nics, equivalents als electr\u00f2nics per\u00f2 que funcionen amb c\u00e0rrega positiva<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pau Gorostiza<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Encara que el transport d\u2019electrons dins d\u2019una mateixa prote\u00efna o complex s\u2019ha estudiat amb detall amb t\u00e8cniques estructurals i funcionals, la transfer\u00e8ncia entre prote\u00efnes encara guarda alguns misteris. Aix\u00f2 es deu a la pres\u00e8ncia del solvent aqu\u00f3s i al car\u00e0cter din\u00e0mic i transitori tant de la interacci\u00f3 molecular entre les prote\u00efnes com de l\u2019esdeveniment de transfer\u00e8ncia electr\u00f2nica en si. Precisament, el nou treball de l\u2019IBEC aborda aquest repte amb t\u00e8cniques nanom\u00e8triques i de prote\u00efnes individuals i permet observar un proc\u00e9s fonamental que fins ara havia estat molt dif\u00edcil d\u2019investigar amb t\u00e8cniques macrosc\u00f2piques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

El paper fonamental dels protons<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Per descobrir qui \u00e9s el mediador d\u2019aquest transport electr\u00f2nic a llarga dist\u00e0ncia a trav\u00e9s de l’aigua, l\u2019equip va dur a terme diversos experiments. En primer lloc, van variar l’acidesa (\u00e9s a dir, la concentraci\u00f3 de protons) de la soluci\u00f3 dins d\u2019uns marges compatibles amb l\u2019estabilitat de les prote\u00efnes i van observar que el transport era m\u00e9s eficient en condicions lleugerament \u00e0cides (amb m\u00e9s protons). A continuaci\u00f3, van substituir el medi habitual per aigua pesant \u2014una variant de l\u2019aigua en qu\u00e8 els \u00e0toms d\u2019hidrogen estan substitu\u00efts per deuteri, una forma m\u00e9s pesada d\u2019aquest element\u2014i van comprovar que el deuteri dificultava el proc\u00e9s. Ambd\u00f3s resultats apunten al paper essencial dels protons en el transport de c\u00e0rrega. Finalment, van repetir les mesures en solucions amb diferents concentracions d’oxigen dissolt i van constatar que l\u2019abs\u00e8ncia d\u2019oxigen escur\u00e7ava la dist\u00e0ncia de transport entre les prote\u00efnes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Com explica Lagunas: \u00abAquests resultats ens indiquen que els protons i l\u2019oxigen tenen un paper central en aquest mecanisme. Tot apunta a un proc\u00e9s de transfer\u00e8ncia d\u2019electrons acoblada a protons (proton-coupled electron transfer o PCET), on el bescanvi d\u2019un electr\u00f3 est\u00e0 \u00edntimament lligat al d\u2019un prot\u00f3, i que podria implicar mecanismes de transport de protons com el de Grotthuss, en qu\u00e8 cadenes de mol\u00e8cules d\u2019aigua es passen el prot\u00f3 com si es donessin la m\u00e0\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els investigadors tamb\u00e9 suggereixen que l\u2019ani\u00f3 super\u00f2xid, una esp\u00e8cie reactiva d\u2019oxigen que es produeix de manera natural al complex III i \u00e9s relativament estable, tamb\u00e9 podria actuar com mitjancer en aquest proc\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des d’una perspectiva biol\u00f2gica, els professors Irene D\u00edaz-Moreno i Miguel A. De la Rosa subratllen la rellev\u00e0ncia d’aquesta troballa. Recorden que \u00abl’efici\u00e8ncia de la respiraci\u00f3 mitocondrial determina directament la capacitat de la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula per a produir ATP, la \u201cmoneda energ\u00e8tica<\/em>\u201d que sost\u00e9 tots els processos vitals. En un entorn cel\u00b7lular congestionat (\u201ccrowding\u201d), optimitzar la transfer\u00e8ncia d’electrons resulta essencial per a aprofitar al m\u00e0xim l’energia disponible, evitant p\u00e8rdues i reduint la producci\u00f3 descontrolada d’esp\u00e8cies reactives d’oxigen. Per aix\u00f2, comprendre com protons i super\u00f2xid mitjan\u00e7aven la transfer\u00e8ncia a llarga dist\u00e0ncia no nom\u00e9s amplia el coneixement b\u00e0sic, sin\u00f3 que tamb\u00e9 ofereix claus per entendre com es regula l’efici\u00e8ncia energ\u00e8tica cel\u00b7lular i qu\u00e8 ocorre quan aquest proc\u00e9s s’altera en malalties metab\u00f2liques i degeneratives\u00bb.<\/em>



Aquest estudi forma part del projecte\u00a0PHOTOTHERAPORT<\/a>, coordinat per l\u2019Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC). El projecte est\u00e0 finan\u00e7at pel prestigi\u00f3s programa Pathfinder Open del Consell d\u2019Innovaci\u00f3 Europeu (EIC, per les seves sigles en angl\u00e8s) i se centra en el desenvolupament d\u2019implants luminescents i f\u00e0rmacs activats amb llum per a innovadores ter\u00e0pies de neuromodulaci\u00f3 (Programa HORIZON-EIC-2023 PATHFINDEROPEN-01, n\u00fam. 101130883). PHOTOTHERAPORT \u00e9s un consorci de 8 institucions de 4 pa\u00efsos que compta amb un finan\u00e7ament de 3 milions d\u2019euros durant tres anys per dur a terme el projecte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anna Lagunas, Alexandre M. J. Gomila, Alba Nin-Hill, Alejandra Guerra-Castellano, Gonzalo P\u00e9rez-Mej\u00edas, Josep Samitier, Carme Rovira, Miguel A. De la Rosa, Irene D\u00edaz-Moreno, Pau Gorostiza. Long-Distance Charge Transport between Cytochrome c<\/em> and Complex III is Mediated by Protons and Reactive Oxygen Species. <\/strong>Small <\/em>(2025). DOI: 10.1002\/smll.202501286<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un estudi liderat per l\u2019Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) revela que els protons i les esp\u00e8cies reactives d\u2019oxigen s\u00f3n mitjancers en el transport de c\u00e0rrega a llarga dist\u00e0ncia en la cadena respirat\u00f2ria mitocondrial, un proc\u00e9s fonamental en la respiraci\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular dels organismes. Comprendre aquests mecanismes \u00e9s clau, ja que els mitocondris actuen com la central energ\u00e8tica de totes les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules i la seva alteraci\u00f3 s\u2019associa a nombroses malalties.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":128694,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1136,1877,1878,1879,1883],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-128708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-josep-samitier-ca","tag-mitochondria-ca","tag-nanobioengineering-ca","tag-nanoprobes-and-nanoswitches-ca","tag-pau-gorostiza-ca-2"],"yoast_head":"\nDescobert un paper clau dels protons i els ions super\u00f2xid en la cadena respirat\u00f2ria - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/descobert-un-paper-clau-dels-protons-i-els-ions-superoxid-en-la-cadena-respiratoria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Descobert un paper clau dels protons i els ions super\u00f2xid en la cadena respirat\u00f2ria - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un estudi liderat per l\u2019Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) revela que els protons i les esp\u00e8cies reactives d\u2019oxigen s\u00f3n mitjancers en el transport de c\u00e0rrega a llarga dist\u00e0ncia en la cadena respirat\u00f2ria mitocondrial, un proc\u00e9s fonamental en la respiraci\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular dels organismes. 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