{"id":133198,"date":"2026-04-16T20:01:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-16T18:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=133198"},"modified":"2026-04-16T16:12:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T14:12:27","slug":"scientists-create-living-tissues-capable-of-changing-shape-in-a-programmed-manner","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/creen-teixits-vius-capacos-de-canviar-de-forma-de-manera-programada","title":{"rendered":"Creen teixits vius capa\u00e7os de canviar de forma de manera programada"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Investigadors de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya – BarcelonaTech (UPC) ) i el Centre Internacional de M\u00e8todes Num\u00e8rics a l\u2019Enginyeria (CIMNE) han desenvolupat una nova estrat\u00e8gia per “programar” la forma de teixits biol\u00f2gics in vitro<\/em>.<\/strong> El treball, publicat a la revista Science<\/em>, demostra per primera vegada que \u00e9s possible guiar les forces i forma final d’un teixit viu controlant l’orientaci\u00f3 de les seves c\u00e8l\u00b7lules.<\/strong> La recerca obre la porta a noves aplicacions en enginyeria de teixits, rob\u00f2tica bioh\u00edbrida i el disseny de materials vius intel\u00b7ligents.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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D\u2019esquerra a dreta: Xavier Trepat, Pau Guillamat y Marino Arroyo.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Els teixits biol\u00f2gics tenen una sorprenent capacitat per organitzar-se per si mateixos i canviar de forma, un proc\u00e9s impulsat per les forces que generen les seves pr\u00f2pies c\u00e8l\u00b7lules. Aprofitar aquest comportament natural per dissenyar materials vius sint\u00e8tics capa\u00e7os d’adoptar formes predeterminades \u00e9s actualment un dels grans reptes de la bioenginyeria. No obstant aix\u00f2, controlar amb precisi\u00f3 com es comporta un teixit i dirigir les seves forces internes perqu\u00e8 adopti exactament la forma desitjada, continua sent un desafiament important per a la ci\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Estem demostrant que podem dissenyar la forma que adoptar\u00e0 un teixit viu controlant \u00fanicament com s’orienten les seves c\u00e8l\u00b7lules<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xavier Trepat<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ara, un estudi liderat per Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC)<\/strong>, la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya \u2013 BarcelonaTech (UPC)<\/strong> <\/strong>i el Centre Internacional de M\u00e8todes Num\u00e8rics a l\u2019Enginyeria (CIMNE)<\/strong>,<\/strong>  en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb el European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) de Barcelona<\/strong>, presenta una nova estrat\u00e8gia per “programar” aquests canvis de forma, controlant, mitjan\u00e7ant patrons qu\u00edmics, com s’orienten les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules dins del teixit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El resultat s\u00f3n teixits vius capa\u00e7os de deformar-se de forma controlada per generar estructures tridimensionals reprodu\u00efbles. Per a Xavier Trepat<\/strong>, professor de recerca ICREA a l’IBEC, l\u00edder del grup de Din\u00e0mica Integrativa de C\u00e8l\u00b7lules i Teixits<\/a> i col\u00edder de l’estudi, aix\u00f2 \u00e9s particularment rellevant:
“Estem demostrant que podem dissenyar la forma que adoptar\u00e0 un teixit viu controlant \u00fanicament com s’orienten les seves c\u00e8l\u00b7lules”<\/em><\/strong>, destaca l’investigador, qui tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s professor a la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) i membre del Centre de Recerca Biom\u00e8dica en Xarxa en Bioenginyeria, Biomaterials i Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els cient\u00edfics plantegen els objectius de l’estudi com una via per dissenyar superf\u00edcies vives que canvien de forma per si mateixes, amb potencials aplicacions que van des de l’enginyeria de teixits fins a la rob\u00f2tica bioh\u00edbrida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e8l\u00b7lules que s’alineen i donen forma a teixits<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Els teixits biol\u00f2gics formats per c\u00e8l\u00b7lules allargades tendeixen a autoorganitzar-se generant dominis multicel\u00b7lulars on totes les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules s’orienten en la mateixa direcci\u00f3, com les fibres d’un fil en un teixit t\u00e8xtil. Aquest \u00e9s l’anomenat ordre nem\u00e0tic<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En ocasions, l’ordre nem\u00e0tic es trenca en punts concrets, anomenats defectes topol\u00f2gics<\/strong>. Es tracta de zones localment desordenades, comparables als remolins o bifurcacions que apareixen en una empremta dactilar. En biologia, aquests defectes actuen com a punts de concentraci\u00f3 de forces<\/strong>, capa\u00e7os d’influir en com creixen, migren o fins i tot es deformen els teixits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“L’orientaci\u00f3 de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules controla les forces, i les forces poden controlar la generaci\u00f3 d’una forma en tres dimensions”<\/em><\/strong>,<\/strong> explica Pau Guillamat<\/strong>, investigador en el grup de Din\u00e0mica Integrativa de C\u00e8l\u00b7lules i Teixits de l’IBEC, i primer autor de l’estudi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per guiar aquestes forces, l’equip va utilitzar el micropatronatge qu\u00edmic<\/strong>: “van dibuixar” sobre superf\u00edcies planes unes l\u00ednies d’una prote\u00efna a la qual les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules s’adhereixen, envoltades de zones amb un pol\u00edmer al qual les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules no s’hi adhereixen. Gr\u00e0cies a aquests patrons, les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules s’alineen seguint les l\u00ednies, creant el “mapa” d’orientacions desitjat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aix\u00f2 va permetre imposar defectes topol\u00f2gics en posicions exactes, una cosa que la natura genera de forma espont\u00e0nia, per\u00f2 desordenada. “La clau \u00e9s que podem decidir on estaran aquests defectes i, per tant, on es generaran les forces dins del teixit”<\/em><\/strong>,<\/em> comenta Guillamat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’experiment crucial va arribar quan els investigadors van desenganxar el teixit del substrat on creixien les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules. Mentre romania adherit, les forces internes generades per les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules quedaven ancorades al suport i impedien que el teixit canvi\u00e9s de forma. Per\u00f2 en eliminar aquesta restricci\u00f3 mec\u00e0nica, la tensi\u00f3 acumulada va poder redistribuir-se lliurement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 “\u00c9s com una l\u00e0mina el\u00e0stica tensada i fixada per les vores: mentre est\u00e0 subjecta no es deforma, per\u00f2 en alliberar-la adopta una nova geometria determinada per les tensions internes<\/strong>“, explica Guillamat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aix\u00f2 mateix passa amb el teixit cel\u00b7lular: en desenganxar-lo, es contreu i deforma r\u00e0pidament, i ho fa seguint les direccions de tensi\u00f3 creades per l’orientaci\u00f3 de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules i pels defectes topol\u00f2gics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Teixit cel\u00b7lular plegat seguint un proc\u00e9s de programaci\u00f3 mec\u00e0nica.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n
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V\u00eddeo d’un teixit transformant-se en una forma 3D que recorda a una rosa.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Simulacions que prediuen la forma final<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Per aprofundir en l’origen de les forces i formes dels teixits, aix\u00ed com per poder predir-les, l’equip de Marino Arroyo, <\/strong>catedr\u00e0tic del Departament d’Enginyeria Civil i Ambiental de la UPC, l\u00edder del grup Interf\u00edcies de materials tous i vius<\/a> del CIMNE i col\u00edder de l’estudi, va desenvolupar models te\u00f2rics i simulacions que permeten anticipar com un patr\u00f3 concret d’orientacions cel\u00b7lulars acabaria transformant-se en una forma tridimensional espec\u00edfica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Segons Arroyo, “els nostres models ens han perm\u00e8s examinar diferents hip\u00f2tesis i finalment identificar el mecanisme pel qual l’orientaci\u00f3 de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules condueix al plegat tridimensional dels teixits. A m\u00e9s, proporcionen una relaci\u00f3 quantitativa entre patr\u00f3 nem\u00e0tic i forma<\/em>“,<\/strong> la qual cosa confirma que el sistema pot utilitzar-se com una plataforma predictiva de disseny morfol\u00f2gic de teixits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un ventall d’aplicacions<\/strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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Podem pensar en aquests sistemes com a materials vius que no nom\u00e9s generen forces i formes programables, sin\u00f3 que podrien integrar informaci\u00f3 i respondre de manera intel\u00b7ligent<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pau Guillamat<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Aquesta recerca \u00e9s una prova de concepte, per\u00f2 obre la porta a moltes aplicacions, com l‘enginyeria de teixits<\/strong>, per crear estructures tridimensionals sense necessitat de bastides artificials; la rob\u00f2tica bioh\u00edbrida,<\/strong> que podria usar teixits vius deformables com actuadors biol\u00f2gics; o el disseny de materials vius intel\u00b7ligents, <\/strong>superf\u00edcies vives capaces de reconfigurar la seva forma i, potencialment, les seves propietats funcionals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Podem pensar en aquests sistemes com a materials vius que no nom\u00e9s generen forces i formes programables, sin\u00f3 que podrien integrar informaci\u00f3 i respondre de manera intel\u00b7ligent”<\/em><\/strong>, <\/em>afegeix Guillamat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A m\u00e9s de les seves possibles aplicacions, aquesta metodologia permet estudiar fen\u00f2mens presents en biologia real, com la formaci\u00f3 d’\u00f2rgans o el comportament d’alguns tumors. “\u00c9s una eina perfecta per entendre com els patrons d’orientaci\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular influeixen en la mec\u00e0nica i evoluci\u00f3 de teixits complexos”<\/em><\/strong>,<\/em> afirma Trepat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’estudi tamb\u00e9 ha comptat amb la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 del grup de Mecanobiologia Cel\u00b7lular i Molecular<\/a> de l’IBEC, liderat per Pere Roca-Cusachs<\/strong>, qui tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s professor catedr\u00e0tic de la Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pau Guillamat, Waleed Mirza, Pradeep K. Bal, Manuel G\u00f3mez-Gonz\u00e1lez, Pere Roca-Cusachs, Marino Arroyo, Xavier Trepat.Guidance of cellular nematic elastomers into shape-programmable living surfaces. <\/strong>Science <\/em>(2026). DOI: 10.1126\/science.adz9174<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Investigadors de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya – BarcelonaTech (UPC) ) i el Centre Internacional de M\u00e8todes Num\u00e8rics a l\u2019Enginyeria (CIMNE) han desenvolupat una nova estrat\u00e8gia per “programar” la forma de teixits biol\u00f2gics in vitro. El treball, publicat a la revista Science, demostra per primera vegada que \u00e9s possible guiar les forces i forma final d’un teixit viu controlant l’orientaci\u00f3 de les seves c\u00e8l\u00b7lules. La recerca obre la porta a noves aplicacions en enginyeria de teixits, rob\u00f2tica bioh\u00edbrida i el disseny de materials vius intel\u00b7ligents.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":133195,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[2187,1143],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-133198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-integrative-cell-an-tissue-dynamics","tag-xavier-trepat-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nCreen teixits vius capa\u00e7os de canviar de forma de manera programada - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/creen-teixits-vius-capacos-de-canviar-de-forma-de-manera-programada\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Creen teixits vius capa\u00e7os de canviar de forma de manera programada - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Investigadors de l'Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC) ) i el Centre Internacional de M\u00e8todes Num\u00e8rics a l\u2019Enginyeria (CIMNE) han desenvolupat una nova estrat\u00e8gia per "programar" la forma de teixits biol\u00f2gics in vitro. El treball, publicat a la revista Science, demostra per primera vegada que \u00e9s possible guiar les forces i forma final d'un teixit viu controlant l'orientaci\u00f3 de les seves c\u00e8l\u00b7lules. 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