{"id":24024,"date":"2016-07-20T11:05:08","date_gmt":"2016-07-20T09:05:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=24024"},"modified":"2016-08-22T12:08:10","modified_gmt":"2016-08-22T10:08:10","slug":"protesis-moleculars-per-restaurar-la-visio-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/protesis-moleculars-per-restaurar-la-visio-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00f2tesis moleculars per restaurar la visi\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les mol\u00e8cules, desenvolupades conjuntament pels cient\u00edfics de l’IBEC i de l’IQAC-CSIC, es poden activar o desactivar mitjan\u00e7ant un feix de llum, com a interruptors. D’aquesta manera, s’aconsegueix que prote\u00efnes de les neurones implicades en la visi\u00f3 puguin respondre de manera semblant a la qual es d\u00f3na en condicions fisiol\u00f2giques normals, desencadenant una resposta quan reben llum. Les mol\u00e8cules podrien actuar com a pr\u00f2tesis moleculars i restaurar amb elles la fotoresposta de les retines degenerades. Aquestes mol\u00e8cules, que formen part d’una nova classe de f\u00e0rmacs regulats per llum, els fotocommutadors covalents (targeted covalent photoswitches<\/em>, TCPs).<\/p>\n

A l’estudi, que es publica en la revista Nature Communications<\/em>, i en el qual tamb\u00e9 han col\u00b7laborat altres Centres d\u2019Excel\u00b7lencia \u201cSevero Ochoa\u201d com l\u2019Institut Catal\u00e0 d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Qu\u00edmica (ICIQ), l\u2019Institut de Recerca Biom\u00e8dica de Barcelona (IRB Barcelona), i l\u2019Institut de Neuroci\u00e8ncies d\u2019Alicant (centre mixte del CSIC i la Universitat Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez), a m\u00e9s del Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red en Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales i Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), la C\u00e1tedra Bidons Egara de la Universitat Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez (Elche) i la Universitat d\u2019Alcal\u00e0 d\u2019Henares (Madrid).<\/p>\n

Canvien de forma en rebre llum<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amadeu Llebaria, investigador del CSIC en l’Institut de Qu\u00edmica Avan\u00e7ada de Catalunya (IQAC), explica: “En condicions normals, les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules fotorreceptores dels ulls (els cons i els bastons) s\u00f3n les que reaccionen en rebre llum i activen, al seu torn, altres c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de la retina. Les mol\u00e8cules que hem dissenyat s’activen per la llum: en rebre llum canvien de forma, la qual cosa modifica la seva interacci\u00f3 amb els receptors neuronals implicats en l’enviament de senyals visuals al cervell. El nostre \u00e9s un treball conceptual, un primer pas per demostrar que la t\u00e8cnica \u00e9s possible, que aquestes c\u00e8l\u00b7lules podrien reempla\u00e7ar la funci\u00f3 dels cons i els bastons quan aquests estiguessin danyats”.<\/p>\n

Eduardo Fern\u00e1ndez, de la C\u00e1tedra Bidons Egara de la Universitat Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez, comenta que aquestes noves mol\u00e8cules han estat capaces de restablir les respostes fisiol\u00f2giques a la llum en un model animal de Retinosi Pigmentaria (una malaltia degenerativa de la retina en la que desapareixen els fotorreceptors). Aquests estudis suggereixen que aquesta nova tecnologia podria obrir noves vies de tractament per a algunes malalties oculars com la Retinosi Pigmentaria, la Degeneraci\u00f3 macular i altres malalties degeneratives de la retina.<\/p>\n

Amb aquesta t\u00e8cnica, s’obre una via cap a nous tractaments revolucionaris basats en el control de l’activitat de mol\u00e8cules petites, encara que l’aplicaci\u00f3, admeten els cient\u00edfics, \u00e0dhuc est\u00e0 lluny.<\/p>\n

Limitacions de la t\u00e8cnica actual<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fins avui, el tipus m\u00e9s com\u00fa de mol\u00e8cules que es podien foto activar eren els lligands fotocr\u00f2mics (photochromic ligands, PCLs), que actuen de forma reversible sobre els receptors de llum naturals de l’organisme, els cons i els bastons. Per\u00f2 sovint, nom\u00e9s eren eficients a unes concentracions suficientment elevades, que no sempre s’aconseguien quan es dilu\u00efen les mol\u00e8cules en el teixit. Una forma d’evitar aquest inconvenient, \u00e9s unir de forma permanent les mol\u00e8cules al seu receptor mitjan\u00e7ant t\u00e8cniques de manipulaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica, per\u00f2 aix\u00f2 comporta altres limitacions, especialment per a aplicacions terap\u00e8utiques.<\/p>\n

La nova estrat\u00e8gia qu\u00edmica desenvolupada pels investigadors en aquest treball ofereix una bona efic\u00e0cia i es pot aplicar a prote\u00efnes end\u00f2genes sense necessitat de rec\u00f3rrer a t\u00e8cniques de manipulaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica.<\/p>\n

Aplicable en diferents organismes<\/strong><\/p>\n

“Les nostres pr\u00f2tesis moleculars poden treballar en diferents organismes, fins i tot potencialment en humans, en els quals les t\u00e8cniques actuals d’opto-manipulaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica s\u00f3n bastant limitades. Aquesta perspectiva fa que els resultats en la fotosensibilitzaci\u00f3 de la retina siguin especialment atractius”, explica Pau Gorostiza, professor de recerca ICREA en l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC).<\/p>\n

“En comparaci\u00f3 dels m\u00e8todes disponibles en l’actualitat per restaurar la fotorresposta en la retina, com els implants de retina, les nostres mol\u00e8cules poden ajudar a evitar la cirurgia i proporcionar un millor acoblament per la fotoestimulaci\u00f3, aix\u00ed com disminuir el temps de rehabilitaci\u00f3 en aprofitar el processament natural de senyals neuronals en la retina”, conclou Pau Gorostiza.<\/p>\n

Amadeu Llebaria afegeix que aquest tipus de tractament, encara que lluny\u00e0, podria ajudar a recuperar la sensibilitat a la llum i a la foscor amb un f\u00e0rmac. Aix\u00f2 augmentaria la qualitat de vida de persones amb problemes de visi\u00f3 a causa de degeneraci\u00f3 retinal.<\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia:\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>M. Izquierdo-Serra, A. Bautista-Barrufet, A. Trapero, A. Garrido-Charles, A. D\u00edaz-Tahoces, N. Camarero, S. Pittolo, S. Valbuena, A. P\u00e9rez-Jim\u00e9nez, M. Gay, A. Garc\u00eda-Moll, C. Rodr\u00edguez-Escrich, J. Lerma, P. de la Villa, E. Fern\u00e1ndez, M. \u00c0. Peric\u00e0s, Amadeu Llebaria, & P. Gorostiza (2016). <\/em>Optical control of endogenous receptors and cellular excitability using targeted covalent photoswitches. <\/a>Nature Communications, epub ahead of print<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\"Imagen <\/p>\n

<\/a>Nova via cap a tractaments per recuperar la funci\u00f3 visual basats en el control de l’activitat de mol\u00e8cules petites<\/h3>\n

Un equip de recerca liderat per Pau Gorostiza, de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), i Amadeu Llebaria, de l’Institut de Qu\u00edmica Avan\u00e7ada de Catalunya (IQAC) del CSIC, ha desenvolupat unes mol\u00e8cules que poden ser aplicades com a pr\u00f2tesis moleculars regulades per llum per ajudar a restaurar la visi\u00f3 en els casos de degeneraci\u00f3 de retina.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":24016,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[236,235,234,233],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-24024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-activacio-per-llum","tag-optofarmacologia","tag-protesi-molecular","tag-restauracio-retina"],"yoast_head":"\nPr\u00f2tesis moleculars per restaurar la visi\u00f3 - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta 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