{"id":57070,"date":"2017-12-28T12:48:26","date_gmt":"2017-12-28T11:48:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=57070"},"modified":"2017-12-28T12:51:32","modified_gmt":"2017-12-28T11:51:32","slug":"la-percepcio-dona-forma-a-les-nostres-accions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/la-percepcio-dona-forma-a-les-nostres-accions\/","title":{"rendered":"La percepci\u00f3 d\u00f3na forma a les nostres accions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Un estudio reciente del grupo <a href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/specs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SPECS<\/a> del IBEC, dirigido por el profesor Paul Verschure, desaf\u00eda el paradigma dominante en neurociencia de que el cerebro produce acciones anticipatorias como un proceso sensorial-motor impulsado por errores en la actividad motora; en otras palabras, un error en el comportamiento activa comandos motores correctivos que se ejecutan antes de que se realice la acci\u00f3n menos \u00f3ptima. En contraste, el nuevo estudio propone que las respuestas motoras r\u00e1pidas y t\u00e9cnicas, como las que realizan Messi y Ronaldo, resultan de la sorprendente habilidad del cerebro para simular el futuro.<\/p>\n<p>Utilizando un modelo te\u00f3rico, y en colaboraci\u00f3n con el grupo de Neurobiolog\u00eda Te\u00f3rica de Karl Friston en el University College London &#8211; recientemente nombrado el cient\u00edfico m\u00e1s influyente en neurociencia &#8211; el grupo SPECS plantea la hip\u00f3tesis de que los animales controlan sus cuerpos inconscientemente a partir de una simulaci\u00f3n interna de lo que el mundo ser\u00e1 justo despu\u00e9s de que se realicen las acciones motoras. A trav\u00e9s del aprendizaje, esta simulaci\u00f3n interna ser\u00e1 cada vez m\u00e1s precisa en su predicci\u00f3n del futuro, y los sistemas motores que responden a ella estar\u00e1n mejor sintonizados con la forma en que el cuerpo interact\u00faa con el mundo real.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Nuestro modelo incorpora la percepci\u00f3n del cerebelo, la estructura del cerebro que est\u00e1 vinculada a la acci\u00f3n, y que representa aproximadamente el 70% de todas nuestras neuronas&#8221;, dice el profesor Verschure. &#8220;El cerebelo proporciona al resto del cerebro una estimaci\u00f3n del futuro que precede al mundo real en cientos de milisegundos. Los centros motores primitivos reaccionan a estos estados predichos como si ya estuvieran ocurriendo. Por ejemplo, si Messi est\u00e1 anticipando recibir el bal\u00f3n justo cuando un oponente lo empuja, generalmente no se caer\u00e1, debido a una acci\u00f3n correctiva r\u00e1pida&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Comprender el control biol\u00f3gico anticipatorio tiene implicaciones importantes en diversas \u00e1reas. Puede ayudar a desarrollar sistemas rob\u00f3ticos de control m\u00e1s adaptables; la pr\u00f3xima generaci\u00f3n de robots &#8220;blandos&#8221; (soft robots), que incluyen m\u00fasculos artificiales y pr\u00f3tesis, depender\u00e1 del control anticipatorio para dirigir su funcionamiento, flexibilidad f\u00edsica y robustez. El estudio tambi\u00e9n arroja luz sobre c\u00f3mo podemos abordar la restauraci\u00f3n de la funci\u00f3n motora despu\u00e9s de un accidente cerebrovascular o de sufrir una lesi\u00f3n cerebral, dando mayor credibilidad a la tesis que sostiene el grupo SPECS, que ha sido pionero con su sistema de juego de rehabilitaci\u00f3n, utilizado por m\u00e1s de 1000 pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular hasta la fecha. Quiz\u00e1s esta simulaci\u00f3n podr\u00eda usarse en el futuro para ayudar a las estrellas del &#8220;cl\u00e1sico&#8221; a perfeccionar sus habilidades a\u00fan m\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Article citation:<\/strong> Giovanni Maffei, Ivan Herreros, Marti Sanchez-Fibla, Karl J. Friston, Paul F. M. J. Verschure (2017). <a href=\"http:\/\/rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org\/content\/284\/1869\/20171780\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The perceptual shaping of anticipatory actions.<\/a> <em>Proc. R. Soc. B,<\/em> 284, 20171780<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SPECSProcB.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"left size-full wp-image-57065 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SPECSProcB.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"415\" height=\"276\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SPECSProcB.jpg 415w, https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SPECSProcB-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SPECSProcB-195x130.jpg 195w, https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/SPECSProcB-150x100.jpg 150w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 415px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 415\/276;\" \/><\/a>Dissabte passat Messi i Ronaldo van desplegar una vegada m\u00e9s les seves habilitats sobrenaturals durant l&#8217;esperat &#8220;cl\u00e0ssic&#8221; de la temporada. La pedra angular de la seva talent recau en la incre\u00efble capacitat dels jugadors per controlar el seu cos, anticipant els moviments dels membres del seu equip, els seus oponents i molt especialment de la pilota.<\/h3>\n<p>Aquesta anticipaci\u00f3 motora \u00e9s essencial per als esports, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 subjeu en la nostra activitat quotidiana, sigui per emprendre el pas, agafar un objecte o escriure en un teclat. Per\u00f2 com es controlen totes aquestes accions?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":57065,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-57070","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>La percepci\u00f3 d\u00f3na forma a les nostres accions - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/la-percepcio-dona-forma-a-les-nostres-accions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La percepci\u00f3 d\u00f3na forma a les nostres accions - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dissabte passat Messi i Ronaldo van desplegar una vegada m\u00e9s les seves habilitats sobrenaturals durant l&#039;esperat &quot;cl\u00e0ssic&quot; de la temporada. La pedra angular de la seva talent recau en la incre\u00efble capacitat dels jugadors per controlar el seu cos, anticipant els moviments dels membres del seu equip, els seus oponents i molt especialment de la pilota.  Aquesta anticipaci\u00f3 motora \u00e9s essencial per als esports, per\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 subjeu en la nostra activitat quotidiana, sigui per emprendre el pas, agafar un objecte o escriure en un teclat. 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