{"id":59669,"date":"2018-06-22T10:49:33","date_gmt":"2018-06-22T08:49:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=59669"},"modified":"2020-06-15T12:51:54","modified_gmt":"2020-06-15T10:51:54","slug":"les-propietats-de-laigua-canvien-a-la-nanoescala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/les-propietats-de-laigua-canvien-a-la-nanoescala\/","title":{"rendered":"Les propietats de l’aigua canvien a la nanoescala"},"content":{"rendered":"
D’esquerra a dreta: Ren\u00e9 F\u00e1bregas i Gabriel Gomila (IBEC)<\/h6>\n

En un article publicat avui a la revista Science, els investigadors revelen que quan es troba en capes primes, l’aigua perd la seva polaritzabilitat, quedant el\u00e8ctricament ‘morta’.<\/p>\n

La recerca, liderada per la Dra. Laura Fumagalli i el Premi Nobel en F\u00edsica Prof. Andre Geim, tots dos del National Graphene Institute a la Universitat de Manchester, ha comptat amb la participaci\u00f3 del Gabriel Gomila, investigador principal a l\u2019IBEC i Professor a la Universitat de Barcelona, aix\u00ed com amb un grup del National Institute for Materials Science del Jap\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Utilitzant t\u00e8cniques noves, els investigadors van poder mesurar per primera vegada les propietats diel\u00e8ctriques de l’aigua amb un gruix de solament unes poques mol\u00e8cules, i van demostrar que aquestes capes d’aigua de gruix at\u00f2mic prop de superf\u00edcies s\u00f2lides no responen als camps el\u00e8ctrics.<\/p>\n

La troballa t\u00e9 implicacions molt importants per a la comprensi\u00f3 de molts fen\u00f2mens en els quals l’aigua est\u00e0 involucrada, inclosos els que tenen lloc en tots els \u00e9ssers vius.<\/p>\n

Durant moltes d\u00e8cades, els cient\u00edfics havien intentat sense \u00e8xit esbrinar com es comporta l’aigua a escala microsc\u00f2pica arreu d’altres subst\u00e0ncies, superf\u00edcies s\u00f2lides i macromol\u00e8cules. “Totes les superf\u00edcies estan cobertes per una capa d’aigua de solament uns pocs \u00e0toms d\u2019espessor “, diu la Dra. Fumagalli, autora principal de l’article. “No podem veure-la, per\u00f2 hi \u00e9s, i la seva naturalesa ha estat debatuda durant gaireb\u00e9 un segle”.<\/p>\n

Fins ara, se suposava que aquesta aigua superficial es comportava de manera diferent a l’aigua normal, famosa per la seva constant diel\u00e8ctrica an\u00f2malament alta. Es va pronosticar que aquestes capes primes d’aigua exhibirien una resposta el\u00e8ctrica redu\u00efda, per\u00f2 es desconeixia el seu valor – sent un tema controvertit en la qu\u00edmica f\u00edsica moderna.<\/p>\n

A fi de resoldre el debat, els col\u00b7laboradors van haver de desenvolupar noves eines per mesurar la constant diel\u00e8ctrica en una escala molt petita. “Per estudiar les propietats d’aquestes capes d’aigua tan fines, un ha de desfer-se dels efectes de la resta de mol\u00e8cules d’aigua que domina el comportament general”, comenta el professor Gomila, que lidera el grup Caracteritzaci\u00f3 bioel\u00e8ctrica a la nanoescala de l\u2019IBEC.<\/p>\n

Els cient\u00edfics ho van dur a terme creant canals especials que tenien solament alguns \u00e0ngstroms de grand\u00e0ria (un \u00e0ngstrom \u00e9s una desena de nan\u00f2metre) i que acomodaven solament unes poques capes d’aigua, i despr\u00e9s van emprar una t\u00e8cnica de mesura nova capa\u00e7 de sondejar la constant diel\u00e8ctrica de l’aigua dins dels nanocanals.<\/p>\n

Per a la seva sorpresa, van detectar que la resposta el\u00e8ctrica de l’aigua confinada no solament estava afeblida, sin\u00f3 que era completament absent. En altres paraules, l’aigua dins dels nanocanals era el\u00e8ctricament “morta”, amb els seus dipols immobilitzats i incapa\u00e7os de detectar un camp el\u00e8ctric extern. Aquest resultat contrasta amb el comportament de l’aigua en grans volums, les mol\u00e8cules dels quals tenen la llibertat d’alinear-se f\u00e0cilment al llarg dels camps el\u00e8ctrics. El gruix de la capa insensible als camps el\u00e8ctrics on es van realitzar les observacions va resultar ser de menys d’un nan\u00f2metre – de dos a tres mol\u00e8cules d’aigua d\u2019espessor.<\/p>\n

“Aquesta anomalia no \u00e9s solament una curiositat acad\u00e8mica, sin\u00f3 que t\u00e9 clares implicacions en molts camps, i en les ci\u00e8ncies de la vida en particular”, diu el professor Andre Geim, que va rebre el Premi Nobel de F\u00edsica el 2010. “Les interaccions el\u00e8ctriques amb mol\u00e8cules d’aigua juguen un paper important en la formaci\u00f3 de mol\u00e8cules biol\u00f2giques com les prote\u00efnes, per la qual cosa els nostres resultats poden ajudar a millorar la comprensi\u00f3 del paper de l’aigua en els processos tecnol\u00f2gics, i per qu\u00e8 \u00e9s tan crucial per a la vida”.<\/p>\n

El treball ha rebut el suport del Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, la Lloyd\u2019s Register Foundation, la Royal Society, Graphene Flagship, l\u2019European Research Council, el Ministeri d’Ind\u00fastria, Economia i Competitivitat (MINECO) i l\u2019ICREA Academia Award.<\/p>\n

\n

L. Fumagalli, A. Esfandiar, R. Fabregas, S. Hu, P. Ares, A. Janardanan, Q. Yang, B. Radha, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, G. Gomila, K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim (2018). Anomalously low dielectric constant of confined water.<\/a> Science,\u00a022 Jun 2018:\u00a0Vol. 360, Issue 6395, pp. 1339-1342.\u00a0DOI: 10.1126\/science.aat4191<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\"\"Una recerca liderada pel National Graphene Institute de la Universitat de Manchester, que ha comptat amb la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 de l\u2019IBEC, revela que la capa d’aigua que cobreix totes les superf\u00edcies que ens envolten t\u00e9 propietats el\u00e8ctriques molt diferents a l’aigua normal.<\/h3>\n

L’aigua, una de les subst\u00e0ncies m\u00e9s fascinants de la Terra, compta entre les seves moltes propietats inusuals amb una alta polaritzabilitat, \u00e9s a dir, una forta resposta a un camp el\u00e8ctric aplicat.<\/p>\n

Recentment, no obstant aix\u00f2, un equip de recerca ha descobert que les capes d’aigua de tan sol unes poques mol\u00e8cules de gruix -com l’aigua que cobreix totes les superf\u00edcies que ens envolten- es comporta de manera molt diferent a l’aigua normal. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":59665,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1114],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-59669","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-gabriel-gomila-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nLes propietats de l'aigua canvien a la nanoescala - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/les-propietats-de-laigua-canvien-a-la-nanoescala\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les propietats de l'aigua canvien a la nanoescala - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Una recerca liderada pel National Graphene Institute de la Universitat de Manchester, que ha comptat amb la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 de l\u2019IBEC, revela que la capa d'aigua que cobreix totes les superf\u00edcies que ens envolten t\u00e9 propietats el\u00e8ctriques molt diferents a l'aigua normal. L'aigua, una de les subst\u00e0ncies m\u00e9s fascinants de la Terra, compta entre les seves moltes propietats inusuals amb una alta polaritzabilitat, \u00e9s a dir, una forta resposta a un camp el\u00e8ctric aplicat. 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