{"id":61493,"date":"2018-09-25T09:36:09","date_gmt":"2018-09-25T07:36:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=61493"},"modified":"2020-06-15T11:45:11","modified_gmt":"2020-06-15T09:45:11","slug":"lexpansio-de-cel%c2%b7lules-tumorals-desafia-la-fisica-actual","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/lexpansio-de-cel%c2%b7lules-tumorals-desafia-la-fisica-actual\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019expansi\u00f3 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tumorals desafia la f\u00edsica actual"},"content":{"rendered":"

En un estudi publicat avui a la revista Nature Physics, un equip liderat per Xavier Trepat<\/a>, investigador ICREA a l\u2019Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), i Jaume Casademunt, catedr\u00e0tic de f\u00edsica a la Universitat de Barcelona (UB), revela les forces que exerceixen les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tumorals per escampar-se. Sorprenentment, la relaci\u00f3 entre aquestes forces i el moviment cel\u00b7lular transcendeix les lleis de la f\u00edsica tal com estan formulades actualment.<\/p>\n

Conjunt de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de c\u00e0ncer de mama adherides a una superf\u00edcie rica en col\u00b7l\u00e0gen. Es pot observar el citosquelet d’actina en verd, revestit de\u00a0miosina\u00a0activa (ppMLC)\u00a0en vermell, i les unions c\u00e8l\u00b7lula-c\u00e8l\u00b7lula (I-cadherina)\u00a0en blau.<\/h6>\n

Els investigadors van situar c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de tumors de mama sobre una superf\u00edcie rica en col\u00b7lagen i van observar com s\u2019expandien. Tecnologia desenvolupada pel grup de \u00a0Trepat els va permetre mesurar les forces f\u00edsiques exercides per les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules durant aquest proc\u00e9s, fita que no s\u2019havia aconseguit fins ara. Amb aquest m\u00e8tode, van descobrir que l\u2019escampament del tumor dep\u00e8n d\u2019una competici\u00f3 entre forces: les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules s\u2019agafen entre elles, mantenint-se unides i, a la vegada, s\u2019agafen al seu entorn per escapar-se. En funci\u00f3 de quina for\u00e7a predomini, el tumor mantindr\u00e0 la seva forma esf\u00e8rica o s\u2019escampar\u00e0 completament sobre la superf\u00edcie.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Conjunt de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de c\u00e0ncer de mama comen\u00e7ant a desenganxar-se d’una superf\u00edcie per formar un agregat esf\u00e8ric. En vermell observem el citosquelet d’actina estirant de les adhesions al substrat (paxilina), marcades en verd.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201c\u00c9s un proc\u00e9s molt semblant al que passa quan posem una gota d\u2019aigua sobre una superf\u00edcie. En algunes superf\u00edcies, la gota s\u2019escampar\u00e0 completament, com en el cas d\u2019una rajola, mentre que en altres superf\u00edcies la gota romandr\u00e0 esf\u00e8rica, com passa a la tela impermeable d\u2019un paraigua,\u201d explica Carlos P\u00e9rez, investigador a l\u2019IBEC, becari de \u201cla Caixa\u201d i primer autor de l\u2019article.<\/p>\n

Malgrat les similituds trobades entre els tumors i els l\u00edquids quotidians, la f\u00edsica d\u2019ambd\u00f3s fen\u00f2mens \u00e9s molt diferent. \u201cEl mullat de superf\u00edcies \u00e9s un problema central de la f\u00edsica cl\u00e0ssica que entenem molt b\u00e9, per\u00f2 els tumors semblen seguir lleis molt diferents\u201d afirma Ricard Alert, investigador a la UB, becari de \u201cla Caixa\u201d i coautor de l\u2019article. A difer\u00e8ncia dels fluids passius, les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules poden generar forces i despla\u00e7ar-se per si mateixes. Aix\u00f2 converteix els teixits biol\u00f2gics en fluids actius i, en particular, els tumors en gotes actives. Aix\u00ed doncs, entendre l\u2019expansi\u00f3 dels tumors sobre una superf\u00edcie ha requerit desenvolupar una nova teoria f\u00edsica que els investigadors han anomenat \u201cmullat actiu\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cQuan pensem en estats de la mat\u00e8ria, solem pensar en s\u00f2lids, l\u00edquids o gasos. Els nostres resultats i els d\u2019altres laboratoris indiquen que les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules vives no encaixen en aquest esquema i es comporten com a una altra forma de la mat\u00e8ria, que anomenem mat\u00e8ria activa\u201d, afirma Jaume Casademunt. Quan apareix un tumor, les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules acumulen mutacions i les seves propietats mec\u00e0niques canvien. Generalment, les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tumorals perden unions entre elles i guanyen unions amb el seu entorn. Durant el creixement tumoral, el propi entorn \u00e9s tamb\u00e9 modificat, augmentant la seva quantitat de col\u00b7lagen i la seva rigidesa.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Jaume Casademunt, Carlos P\u00e9rez i Xavier Trepat<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cEls nostres experiments revelen que aquests canvis s\u00f3n suficients per desajustar el balan\u00e7 de forces d\u2019un tumor, provocant que les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules comencin a escampar-se pel seu entorn\u201d explica Xavier Trepat.<\/p>\n

Aquesta troballa posa en relleu la import\u00e0ncia de les forces f\u00edsiques en la met\u00e0stasi, obrint portes al desenvolupament de ter\u00e0pies per alterar la mec\u00e0nica dels tumors com a possible tractament.<\/p>\n

L\u2019estudi ha estat finan\u00e7at pel MINECO, la Generalitat de Catalunya, l\u2019European Research Council (ERC), la Comissi\u00f3 Europea (MECHANOCONTROL<\/a>), CIBER-BBN i l\u2019Obra Social \u201cla Caixa\u201d.<\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

Carlos P\u00e9rez-Gonz\u00e1lez, Ricard Alert, Carles Blanch-Mercader, Manuel G\u00f3mez-Gonz\u00e1lez, Tomasz Kolodziej, Elsa Bazellieres, Jaume Casademunt, Xavier Trepat (2018). Active wetting of epithelial tissues<\/a>. Nature Physics<\/em>, epub ahead of print<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\"\"\u2022\tInvestigadors de l\u2019IBEC i la UB descobreixen que l\u2019expansi\u00f3 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tumorals no obeeix les lleis de la f\u00edsica tal com estan formulades actualment. Aquesta descoberta ha estat impulsada per la Fundaci\u00f3 Banc\u00e0ria \u201cla Caixa\u201d.<\/h3>\n

\u2022\tEn un article publicat avui a la revista Nature Physics<\/em>, els investigadors reformulen aquestes lleis i desenvolupen un nou marc que pot contribuir a predir les condicions en qu\u00e8 els tumors inicien la met\u00e0stasi. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Un tumor maligne es caracteritza per la seva capacitat de disseminar-se pel seu entorn. Per fer-ho, les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules del tumor han d\u2019adherir-se al teixit que les envolta (principalment col\u00b7lagen) i exercir-hi forces per propulsar-se. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":61479,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1143],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-61493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-xavier-trepat-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019expansi\u00f3 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tumorals desafia la f\u00edsica actual - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/lexpansio-de-cel\u00b7lules-tumorals-desafia-la-fisica-actual\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019expansi\u00f3 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tumorals desafia la f\u00edsica actual - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u2022 Investigadors de l\u2019IBEC i la UB descobreixen que l\u2019expansi\u00f3 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tumorals no obeeix les lleis de la f\u00edsica tal com estan formulades actualment. 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