{"id":67383,"date":"2019-07-23T14:31:00","date_gmt":"2019-07-23T12:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=67383"},"modified":"2020-06-15T11:35:28","modified_gmt":"2020-06-15T09:35:28","slug":"a-nanodrone-able-to-detect-toxic-gases-in-emergencies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/a-nanodrone-able-to-detect-toxic-gases-in-emergencies\/","title":{"rendered":"Dissenyat un nanodron capa\u00e7 de detectar gasos t\u00f2xics en situacions d\u2019emerg\u00e8ncia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un dron \u00e9s una aeronau, de car\u00e0cter civil o militar, pilotada per control remot. En aquest sector de la tecnologia, en constant expansi\u00f3 arreu del m\u00f3n pels seus m\u00faltiples \u00e0mbits d\u2019aplicaci\u00f3, els nanodrons s\u00f3n plataformes operatives amb un pes inferior als 250 g.<\/p>\n

El nanodron SNAV, descrit per primer cop en un article de la revista Sensors<\/em><\/a>, pesa 35 g i est\u00e0 dissenyat per volar i identificar gasos en diversos escenaris que no s\u00f3n accessibles per mitj\u00e0 d\u2019altres aparells tecnol\u00f2gics. Est\u00e0 dotat de sensors nanom\u00e8trics de gasos de tipus MOX que poden respondre a gasos com el mon\u00f2xid de carboni (CO), el met\u00e0 (CH4<\/sub>) i a altres compostos vol\u00e0tils org\u00e0nics (etanol, acetona, benz\u00e8, etc.), amb un llindar de detecci\u00f3 dels sensors de l\u2019ordre d\u2019una part per mili\u00f3 en volum (ppmv), segons el gas i el tipus de sensor emprat.<\/p>\n

A difer\u00e8ncia d\u2019altres ginys m\u00e9s grans, SNAV \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de treballar en espais interiors \u2014pot travessar forats i esquerdes\u2014 i \u00e9s operatiu en \u00e0rees de dimensions significatives \u2014uns 160 metres quadrats\u2014, on la font d\u2019emissi\u00f3 qu\u00edmica s\u2019amaga en \u00e0rees poc accessibles (sostres falsos, conductes de ventilaci\u00f3, etc.).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

SNAV: de la detecci\u00f3 de gasos t\u00f2xics al rescat de v\u00edctimes <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Aquest nou dispositiu seria especialment indicat en operacions de rescat en edificis ensorrats per terratr\u00e8mols o explosions: \u00abSNAV pot detectar gasos t\u00f2xics i, fins i tot, els compostos que exhalen les v\u00edctimes inconscients\u00bb, destaca el professor Santiago Marco, investigador principal a l\u2019IBEC i membre del Departament d’Enginyeria Electr\u00f2nica i Biom\u00e8dica de la UB, que ha liderat la recerca. \u00abTamb\u00e9 \u00e9s adequat en la recerca de drogues o explosius en llocs no accessibles de manera directa\u00bb, detalla l\u2019expert.<\/p>\n

En aquests escenaris despr\u00e9s d\u2019un terratr\u00e8mol o una explosi\u00f3, els equips de rescat solen fer servir gossos \u2014olfacci\u00f3 canina\u2014 especialment entrenats per trobar les v\u00edctimes. Per aix\u00f2, la possibilitat d\u2019emprar robots aut\u00f2noms en tasques de localitzaci\u00f3 \u00e9s una opci\u00f3 que cal considerar a curt i llarg termini.<\/p>\n

\u00abFins no fa gaire, els robots terrestres centraven la recerca en l\u2019\u00e0mbit de la localitzaci\u00f3 basada en senyals qu\u00edmics. Avui en dia, l\u2019opci\u00f3 d\u2019emprar nanodrons amplia de manera significativa la capacitat i la rapidesa dels robots per moure\u2019s per un espai interior i per superar obstacles com ara trams d\u2019escales\u00bb, detalla Marco, que \u00e9s cap del Grup de Recerca de Processament de Senyal Intel\u00b7ligent per a Sistemes Sensors en Bioenginyeria (UB-IBEC).<\/p>\n

Com se supera l\u2019efecte de les turbul\u00e8ncies i els problemes de navegaci\u00f3? <\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Les limitacions en pes i consum del nanodron i l\u2019efecte negatiu de les turbul\u00e8ncies dels rotors sobre els senyals dels sensors s\u00f3n els grans punts d\u2019inflexi\u00f3 en el disseny i desenvolupament t\u00e8cnic de nanodrons com l\u2019SNAV. Per superar l\u2019efecte negatiu de les turbul\u00e8ncies \u2014que afecta el proc\u00e9s d\u2019obtenci\u00f3 de dades precises\u2014, l\u2019equip UB-IBEC ha aplicat t\u00e8cniques de processament de senyal que ajuden a obtenir informaci\u00f3 \u00fatil dels sensors instal\u00b7lats a l\u2019SNAV.<\/p>\n

Un altre punt cr\u00edtic \u00e9s l\u2019autolocalitzaci\u00f3 del nanodron en l\u2019escenari d\u2019acci\u00f3. En general, el mecanisme de control de drons que volen llargues dist\u00e0ncies en espais oberts es basa en un sistema de navegaci\u00f3 GPS. Ara b\u00e9, aquesta no \u00e9s una opci\u00f3 viable per a dispositius que volen en espais interiors. En el cas de l\u2019SNAV, \u00abel nou nanodron disposa d\u2019acceler\u00f2metres i giroscopis que ajuden a la navegaci\u00f3 per\u00f2 sense la precisi\u00f3 desitjada per a la localitzaci\u00f3. Per aix\u00f2, aquesta funci\u00f3 es basa en una s\u00e8rie de sis transceptors de radiofreq\u00fc\u00e8ncia \u2014ubicats en posicions conegudes\u2014 i un transceptor instal\u00b7lat en el mateix dron. Aquest sistema ens permet dirigir el nanodron fins a la posici\u00f3 desitjada\u00bb, explica l\u2019investigador Javier Burgu\u00e9s (UB-IBEC), primer signant de l\u2019estudi.<\/p>\n

\nhttps:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/vuelo-dron_IBEC.mp4<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n

Nous algoritmes inspirats en el comportament animal <\/strong><\/h3>\n

En el marc de la recerca, l\u2019equip d\u2019experts UB-IBEC ha estat el responsable de desenvolupar la plataforma SNAV, calibrar els sensors i comprovar-ne el funcionament, i finalment, programar els algoritmes per al processament de les dades, la comunicaci\u00f3 i la navegaci\u00f3 rob\u00f2tica. Un cop desenvolupada la plataforma SNAV, totes les proves de navegaci\u00f3 rob\u00f2tica de l\u2019SNAV s\u2019han dut a terme a la Universitat d\u2019\u00d6rebro (Su\u00e8cia), en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb els experts V\u00edctor Hern\u00e1ndez i Achim J. Lilienthal.<\/p>\n

Algunes futures l\u00ednies de recerca d\u2019aquest equip investigador van dirigides a desenvolupar algoritmes de navegaci\u00f3 bioinspirats que es basin, per exemple, en el comportament d\u2019insectes com el mosquit o l\u2019arna. \u00abUna altra l\u00ednia que volem abordar \u00e9s la fusi\u00f3 de dades de m\u00faltiples sensors de gas per augmentar la selectivitat envers determinats compostos d\u2019inter\u00e8s. En aquest cas, es tractaria de fer experiments en escenaris complexos i en pres\u00e8ncia d\u2019interfer\u00e8ncies qu\u00edmiques\u00bb, conclouen els experts Santiago Marco i Javier Burgu\u00e9s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\"\"Investigadors del grup de recerca Processament de senyals i informaci\u00f3 per a sistemes de sensors a l’IBEC, dirigit per Santiago Marco, dissenyen un nanodron que podria identificar gasos t\u00f2xics en edificis ensorrats per l\u2019efecte de terratr\u00e8mols o d\u2019explosions. El nou aparell, que pesa 35 grams, tamb\u00e9 podria ser \u00fatil per detectar la pres\u00e8ncia de v\u00edctimes en espais tancats i de dif\u00edcil acc\u00e9s.<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Detectar gasos perillosos en edificis esfondrats per terratr\u00e8mols o explosions i, fins i tot, identificar la pres\u00e8ncia de possibles v\u00edctimes en llocs dif\u00edcilment accessibles s\u00f3n alguns escenaris d\u2019acci\u00f3 de l\u2019smelling nanoaerial vehicle (SNAV), un nanodron que han dissenyat i desenvolupat els investigadors Santiago Marco i Javier Burgu\u00e9s, de la Facultat de F\u00edsica de la Universitat de Barcelona i de l\u2019Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":67371,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1118],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-67383","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-santiago-marco-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nDissenyat un nanodron capa\u00e7 de detectar gasos t\u00f2xics en situacions d\u2019emerg\u00e8ncia - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/a-nanodrone-able-to-detect-toxic-gases-in-emergencies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dissenyat un nanodron capa\u00e7 de detectar gasos t\u00f2xics en situacions d\u2019emerg\u00e8ncia - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Investigadors del grup de recerca Processament de senyals i informaci\u00f3 per a sistemes de sensors a l'IBEC, dirigit per Santiago Marco, dissenyen un nanodron que podria identificar gasos t\u00f2xics en edificis ensorrats per l\u2019efecte de terratr\u00e8mols o d\u2019explosions. 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