{"id":75562,"date":"2020-06-17T11:45:46","date_gmt":"2020-06-17T09:45:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/artificial-systems-imitate-how-cells-move-and-communicate\/"},"modified":"2020-06-19T12:07:46","modified_gmt":"2020-06-19T10:07:46","slug":"artificial-systems-imitate-how-cells-move-and-communicate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/artificial-systems-imitate-how-cells-move-and-communicate\/","title":{"rendered":"Sistemes artificials que imiten la forma en qu\u00e8 les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules es mouen i es comuniquen"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Tot i ser les unitats vitals m\u00e9s b\u00e0siques, les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules s\u00f3n sistemes molt intricats i refinats. Requereixen un c\u00f2ctel prec\u00eds de condicions i components per tal de dur a terme processos molt complexos, que s\u00f3n essencials per a la seva superviv\u00e8ncia i propagaci\u00f3. Si b\u00e9 els cient\u00edfics encara no han estat capa\u00e7os de produir de manera artificial una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula viva totalment aut\u00f2noma, si que han aconseguit imitar certes estructures i processos cel\u00b7lulars al laboratori. Els aven\u00e7os m\u00e9s importants en aquest camp emergent de la biomim\u00e8tica ascendent (m\u00e9s coneguda com bottom-up biomimicry<\/em>, en angl\u00e8s) es resumeixen en una revisi\u00f3 publicada recentment a la revista cient\u00edfica Small<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Samuel S\u00e1nchez, l\u00edder de el grup Smart Nano-Bio-Devices<\/a> a l’Institut de Bioingenier\u00eda de Catalunya (IBEC) i professor d’investigaci\u00f3 ICREA, \u00e9s coautor d’aquest article, juntament amb experts de Eindhoven University of Technology<\/a> als Pa\u00efsos Baixos i Harbin Institute of Technology<\/a> a la Xina. La seva revisi\u00f3 cobreix quatre \u00e0rees de la biomim\u00e8tica sint\u00e8tica: la compartimentaci\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular, les reaccions biol\u00f2giques per a la producci\u00f3 d’energia, la motilitat i els comportaments comunicatius.<\/p>\n

La primera secci\u00f3 explora els diferents tipus de membranes toves i compartiments cel\u00b7lulars sintetitzats artificialment, alguns dels quals s\u2019usen generalment a la biomedicina. Des estructures b\u00e0siques com els liposomes, fins a membranes m\u00e9s complexes amb permeabilitat selectiva \u2014com ara proteinosomes, coacervats i polimerosomes\u2014 els autors proporcionen una visi\u00f3 general dels procediments utilitzats en el proc\u00e9s de s\u00edntesi de cadascun d’ells, les seves capacitats b\u00e0siques i el seu grau de similitud amb la natura. Si b\u00e9 les membranes cel\u00b7lulars constitueixen un factor essencial per crear les condicions adequades perqu\u00e8 es doni la vida, els sistemes vius tamb\u00e9 han de poder transformar l’energia de fonts externes. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s el que coneixem com a metabolisme, un proc\u00e9s que permet a les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules dur a terme reaccions m\u00e9s complexes que donen lloc, per exemple, a canvis en la forma o divisi\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular. En aquesta revisi\u00f3, els experts resumeixen algunes de les reaccions bioqu\u00edmiques reals que s’han replicat al laboratori, incloses l’activaci\u00f3 de cascades enzim\u00e0tiques complexes i la modulaci\u00f3 de l’activitat enzim\u00e0tica. Cal assenyalar que els \u00e8xits aconseguits en aquest \u00e0mbit, malgrat ser impressionants, encara estan lluny d’imitar amb precisi\u00f3 les cadenes de biorreaccions tan elaborades com les que podem observar a les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules vives.<\/p>\n

“Els aven\u00e7os m\u00e9s importants en el camp emergent de la biomim\u00e8tica cel\u00b7lular es resumeixen en una nova revisi\u00f3 publicada a la revista cient\u00edfica Small. L’article tracta la s\u00edntesi de compartiments cel\u00b7lulars tous, la reacci\u00f3 bioqu\u00edmica, la motilitat i els comportaments de comunicaci\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular “.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/a>
a) Formation of bowl-shaped stomatocytes from polymersomes. Tunable opening size allows the enzymes trapped inside aqueous cavity.
Reproduced with permissions.[40] Copyright 2009, Wiley-VCH. b) Schematic representation and TEM images of a chemotactic polymersome using a
combination of membrane topology formed by PEO-PBO copolymers mixed with either PMPC-PDPA or POEGMA-PDPA copolymers. Reproduced with
permissions.[55] Copyright 2017, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).<\/figcaption><\/figure>M\u00e9s endavant, els experts exploren diferents formes de motilitat que han estat replicades en c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques. Des de les formes m\u00e9s b\u00e0siques de moviment, com el moviment guiat o per flotabilitat, fins al moviment aleatori i la quimiotaxis. Aquesta funci\u00f3 t\u00e9 aplicacions particularment prometedores en l’administraci\u00f3 de f\u00e0rmacs, ja que les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sintetitzades al laboratori poden ser “entrenades” per moure\u2019s cap al teixit malalt. A m\u00e9s, els investigadors han aconseguit crear c\u00e8l\u00b7lules nanomotores que es mouen a diferents velocitats, i c\u00e8l\u00b7lules amb una funci\u00f3 d’enc\u00e8s\/apagat que imiten de forma m\u00e9s acurada el moviment inherent a les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules vives.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Els autors de la revisi\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 discuteixen les diferents formes en qu\u00e8 els investigadors han recreat la comunicaci\u00f3 intercel\u00b7lular, tant entre les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules artificials com entre els grups cel\u00b7lulars artificials i naturals. Fins ara, aquests experiments s’han realitzat \u00fanicament amb c\u00e8l\u00b7lules bacterianes, per\u00f2 els experts suggereixen que \u00e9s necessari investigar amb c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de mam\u00edfers i humans per avan\u00e7ar en aquest camp i poder assolir una major comprensi\u00f3 de les seves possibles aplicacions biom\u00e8diques.<\/p>\n

La biomim\u00e8tica ha avan\u00e7at molt en les \u00faltimes d\u00e8cades gr\u00e0cies als aven\u00e7os m\u00e9s recents, centrats en dotar les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques de la motilitat i capacitat de comunicaci\u00f3. Malgrat encara hi ha molt per descobrir, l’enfocament bottom-up<\/em> ha proporcionat una gran comprensi\u00f3 d’aquestes unitats b\u00e0siques de la vida, permetent-nos pensar de la mateixa manera com ho fa la natura.<\/p>\n

\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia<\/em><\/strong>: Lei Wang, Shidong Song, Jan van Hest, Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen, Xin Huang, Samuel S\u00e1nchez (2020) \u201cBiomimicry of Cellular Motility and Communication Based on Synthetic Soft\u2010Architectures<\/a>.\u201d Small, 2020.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Una nova revisi\u00f3 publicada a la revista cient\u00edfica Small<\/a> resumeix la recerca m\u00e9s important dels darrers anys sobre biomim\u00e8tica basada en compartiments cel\u00b7lulars tous sintetitzats artificialment (synthetic soft-architectures) amb l\u2019objectiu d’inspirar futurs aven\u00e7os en aquest camp. <\/h3>\n

Samuel S\u00e1nchez, Group Leader a l\u2019Institut de Bioingenier\u00eda de Catalunya (IBEC) ha participat en la redacci\u00f3 d’aquest article de la m\u00e0 d’experts de fama mundial en l’\u00e0mbit de la bioenginyeria i la s\u00edntesi cel\u00b7lular.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":75552,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[857,1140],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-75562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-nanomotors-ca","tag-samuel-sanchez-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nSistemes artificials que imiten la forma en qu\u00e8 les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules es mouen i es comuniquen - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/artificial-systems-imitate-how-cells-move-and-communicate\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sistemes artificials que imiten la forma en qu\u00e8 les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules es mouen i es comuniquen - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Una nova revisi\u00f3 publicada a la revista cient\u00edfica Small resumeix la recerca m\u00e9s important dels darrers anys sobre biomim\u00e8tica basada en compartiments cel\u00b7lulars tous sintetitzats artificialment (synthetic soft-architectures) amb l\u2019objectiu d'inspirar futurs aven\u00e7os en aquest camp. 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