{"id":75658,"date":"2020-06-19T13:00:54","date_gmt":"2020-06-19T11:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=75658"},"modified":"2020-06-19T14:24:20","modified_gmt":"2020-06-19T12:24:20","slug":"bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\/","title":{"rendered":"Bioenginyeria per a v\u00e8ncer les infeccions bacterianes m\u00e9s resistents i mortals"},"content":{"rendered":"

Encara en temps de coronavirus, la tuberculosi continua sent la malaltia infecciosa m\u00e9s letal a tot el m\u00f3n. S’estima que un ter\u00e7 de la poblaci\u00f3 es veu afectada pel\u00a0<\/span>Mycobacterium<\/span><\/i>\u00a0tuberculosi<\/span><\/i>s<\/span><\/i>, el bacteri responsable de la tubercul<\/span>osi. I que, a l’any, moren una mitjana d\u20191,8 milions de persones en tot el planeta per culpa d’aquesta malaltia. El secret de l’\u00e8xit de bacteris com el causant de la tuberculosi resideix en la seva capacitat per a burlar al sistema immunol\u00f2gic. La seva est<\/span>rat\u00e8gia consisteix a amagar-se a l’interior dels macr\u00f2fags, les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules del sistema immunitari especialitzades en la lluita contra pat\u00f2gens. Aix\u00ed doncs, aquestes c\u00e8l\u00b7lules defensores passen de ser agents protectors a refugis de bacteris de manera que afa<\/span>voreixen la infecci\u00f3 en comptes de combatre-la. \u00c9s el que es coneix com la \u201cparadoxa del macr\u00f2fag\u201d, una paradoxa que succeeix davant d\u2019infeccions originades pels denominats bacteris intracel\u00b7lulars.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ara, un estudi liderat pels professors Giuseppe Battaglia i Loris Rizzello de l\u2019Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) juntament amb investigacions de diverses institucions internacionals, ha demostrat la capacitat d’unes ves\u00edcules sint\u00e8tiques de penetrar en els macr\u00f2fags i alliberar f\u00e0rmacs de manera espec\u00edfica per aconseguir rebaixar i fins i tot eliminar, en alguns casos, la infecci\u00f3. El treball, publicat a la revista ACS Nano, exposa l’efic\u00e0cia d’aquesta ter\u00e0pia en la reducci\u00f3 de la c\u00e0rrega bacteriana en macr\u00f2fags infectats per Mycobacterium tuberculosis, aix\u00ed com tamb\u00e9 d\u00b4altres pat\u00f2gens intracel\u00b7lulars. De forma remarcable, es va poder arribar a l’erradicaci\u00f3 total del pat\u00f2gens segons la combinaci\u00f3 de f\u00e0rmacs, tant en experiments in vitro, amb c\u00e8l\u00b7lules humanes, com in vivo, emprant el peix zebra com a model animal.<\/p>\n

Una ter\u00e0pia m\u00e9s r\u00e0pida, efica\u00e7 i segura<\/h3>\n

Els\u00a0<\/span>polimerosomes<\/span>\u00a0PMPC-PDPA s\u00f3n unes ves\u00edcules\u00a0<\/span>nanosc\u00f2piques<\/span>\u00a0sint\u00e8ti<\/span>ques que contenen medicaments encapsulats en el seu interior. En contacte amb els macr\u00f2fags, aquestes ves\u00edcules s\u00f3n fagocitades i, una vegada a l’espai intracel\u00b7lular, alliberen els corresponents f\u00e0rmacs. L’estudi demostra, d’una banda, l’efectivitat d’aqu<\/span>estes ves\u00edcules en ocupar l’interior dels macr\u00f2fags \u2013 aquest proc\u00e9s es produeix en q\u00fcesti\u00f3 de minuts \u2013 i, d’altra banda, l’especificitat a l’hora d’alliberar la c\u00e0rrega farmacol\u00f2gica. Els\u00a0<\/span>polimerosomes<\/span>\u00a0s\u00f3n altament estables en condicions de pH fisiol\u00f2gic (<\/span>pH de 7,4) de manera que, quan es troben circulant per l’organisme, no s\u00f3n\u00a0<\/span>capa\u00e7os d’alliberar el medicament que tanquen en el seu interior. En canvi, la baixada de pH del medi intracel\u00b7lular promou l’activaci\u00f3 farmacol\u00f2gica, evitant aix\u00ed una distribuci\u00f3 n<\/span>o desitjada d’antibi\u00f2tic en altres llocs del cos hum\u00e0.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Finalment, l’estudi tamb\u00e9 corrobora la seguretat de l’enfocament terap\u00e8utic pel que fa als possibles canvis que aquest mecanisme pogu\u00e9s generar en el metabolisme cel\u00b7lular dels macr\u00f2fags. De fet, els e<\/span>xperts no van observar cap difer\u00e8ncia entre macr\u00f2fags tractats amb\u00a0<\/span>polimerosomes<\/span>\u00a0i macr\u00f2fags sense tractar. Tampoc es va detectar una resposta inflamat\u00f2ria davant l’elevada concentraci\u00f3 de\u00a0<\/span>polimerosomes<\/span>, confirmant aix\u00ed la innocu\u00eftat de la ter\u00e0pia.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Desmuntant la resist\u00e8ncia antibi\u00f2tica dels bacteris intracel\u00b7lulars<\/h3>\n

En l’actualitat, la ter\u00e0pia m\u00e9s emprada per a lluitar contra malalties com la tuberculosi consisteix en l’administraci\u00f3 combinada d’una elevada quantitat d’antibi\u00f2tics durant un llarg per\u00edode de\u00a0<\/span>temps, que oscil\u00b7la entre els 6 i 9 mesos. Els tractaments existents fomenten, aix\u00ed, l’aparici\u00f3 de bacteris\u00a0<\/span>multiresistents<\/span>\u00a0capa\u00e7os de sobreviure davant de l’acci\u00f3 dels antibi\u00f2tics i, per tant, entorpeixen, a llarg termini, l’erradicaci\u00f3 d’infeccions per b<\/span>acteris intracel\u00b7lulars.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Aquesta realitat posa de manifest la necessitat de trobar solucions alternatives m\u00e9s eficaces alhora que r\u00e0pides, com la que es descriu en aquest article. De fet, l’equip d’experts constata en el seu estudi com la ter\u00e0pia amb ves\u00edc<\/span>ules sint\u00e8tiques requereix dosis molt inferiors a les habituals per a obtenir els mateixos resultats que en tractaments tradicionals. Una troballa molt prometedora per a v\u00e8ncer infeccions tan letals com la tuberculosi alhora que s’aborda una de les majors\u00a0<\/span>amenaces per a la salut global: la resist\u00e8ncia als antibi\u00f2tics dels bacteris intracel\u00b7lulars.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia<\/span><\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>F.\u00a0Fenaroli, J. D. Robertson<\/span>, E.\u00a0Scarpa, V. M. Gouveia, C. Di\u00a0Guglielmo, C. De Pace,\u00a0Ph. M.\u00a0Elks, A. Poma, D.\u00a0Evangelopoulos, J. Ortiz Canseco, H. M. Marriott, D. H.\u00a0Dockrell, S. J. Foster, T.\u00a0McHugh, S. A. Renshaw, J. Samitier Mart\u00ed, G.\u00a0Battaglia\u00a0and L.\u00a0Rizzello<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Polymersomes eradicating intracellular bacteria<\/span><\/a>, ACS Nano, 2020.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Persona de contacte per premsa<\/span><\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>gorts@ibecbarcelona.eu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\"\"Un equip internacional, en el qual participen investigadors de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), duu a terme un estudi que obre la porta a una nova ter\u00e0pia capa\u00e7 d’eliminar de manera r\u00e0pida i efica\u00e7 les infeccions de bacteris intracel\u00b7lulars, les m\u00e9s resistents a la maquin\u00e0ria immunol\u00f2gica.<\/h3>\n

Aquesta ter\u00e0pia, basada en ves\u00edcules sint\u00e8tiques, reduiria considerablement la dosi i durada dels tractaments antimicrobians, disminuint aix\u00ed el perill a generar resist\u00e8ncia als antibi\u00f2tics per part de pat\u00f2gens com el que provoca la tuberculosi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":75688,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1104,1171],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-75658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-giuseppe-battaglia-ca","tag-loris-rizzello-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nBioenginyeria per a v\u00e8ncer les infeccions bacterianes m\u00e9s resistents i mortals - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bioenginyeria per a v\u00e8ncer les infeccions bacterianes m\u00e9s resistents i mortals - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un equip internacional, en el qual participen investigadors de l'Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), duu a terme un estudi que obre la porta a una nova ter\u00e0pia capa\u00e7 d'eliminar de manera r\u00e0pida i efica\u00e7 les infeccions de bacteris intracel\u00b7lulars, les m\u00e9s resistents a la maquin\u00e0ria immunol\u00f2gica. Aquesta ter\u00e0pia, basada en ves\u00edcules sint\u00e8tiques, reduiria considerablement la dosi i durada dels tractaments antimicrobians, disminuint aix\u00ed el perill a generar resist\u00e8ncia als antibi\u00f2tics per part de pat\u00f2gens com el que provoca la tuberculosi.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-06-19T11:00:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-06-19T12:24:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pulmones_web.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u00c0ngels L\u00f3pez\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u00c0ngels L\u00f3pez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minuts\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/ca\\\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/ca\\\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u00c0ngels L\u00f3pez\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c212c6b589546130be67986b9290e2b8\"},\"headline\":\"Bioenginyeria per a v\u00e8ncer les infeccions bacterianes m\u00e9s resistents i mortals\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-06-19T11:00:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-06-19T12:24:20+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/ca\\\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":795,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/ca\\\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/06\\\/pulmones_web.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Giuseppe Battaglia\",\"loris rizzello\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Not\u00edcies de recerca\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/ca\\\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/ca\\\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bioenginyeria per a v\u00e8ncer les infeccions bacterianes m\u00e9s resistents i mortals - 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