{"id":77641,"date":"2020-09-29T13:51:10","date_gmt":"2020-09-29T11:51:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=77641"},"modified":"2020-10-13T12:52:20","modified_gmt":"2020-10-13T10:52:20","slug":"lipobots-nanomotors-mes-robustos-per-a-aplicacions-biomediques-desenvolupats-amb-tecnologia-dencapsulacio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/lipobots-nanomotors-mes-robustos-per-a-aplicacions-biomediques-desenvolupats-amb-tecnologia-dencapsulacio\/","title":{"rendered":"LipoBots: nanomotors m\u00e9s robustos per a aplicacions biom\u00e8diques desenvolupats amb tecnologia d’encapsulaci\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Imatges de microsc\u00f2pia confocal de LipoBots (LB), que comprenen l’enzim ureasa en la superf\u00edcie exterior (esquerra) o al compartiment interior (dreta).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Els nanomotors catal\u00edtics, que s\u00f3n nanoestructures capaces de recol\u00b7lectar energia qu\u00edmica del seu entorn i usar-la per a moure’s, estan demostrant un gran potencial per a aplicacions biom\u00e8diques. Aquests nanomotors, o nanopart\u00edcules autopropulsades, s\u00f3n capaces d\u2019”encendre’s” i comen\u00e7ar a moure’s en un flui<\/span>d, utilitzant diverses biomol\u00e8cules com a combustible. Aquest mecanisme de propulsi\u00f3 permet que els nanomotors es difonguin en volums m\u00e9s grans en comparaci\u00f3 amb les seves contraparts passives i, per tant, abastin f\u00e0cilment un objectiu espec\u00edfic, penetrin en els teixits i realitzin l’administraci\u00f3 de f\u00e0rmacs amb un millor rendiment.<\/p>\n

Els enzims, mol\u00e8cules org\u00e0niques que acceleren la velocitat d’una reacci\u00f3 bioqu\u00edmica, s\u00f3n candidats ideals per a actuar com a fonts d’energia catal\u00edtica per a aquests nanomotors pensats per a l’\u00e0mbit de la nanobiomedicina, ja que s\u00f3n molt diversos, espec\u00edfics de substrat i, sobretot, s\u00f3n presents per tot el cos hum\u00e0. No obstant aix\u00f2, en els organismes vius, aquestes nanoestructures impulsades per enzims poden estar exposades a condicions adverses, com a fortes variacions del pH, que podrien comprometre tant el seu moviment com les seves funcionalitats qu\u00edmiques.<\/p>\n

Ara, un equip d’investigadors del Grup de Recerca \u201cNano Dispositius Biol\u00f2gics Intel\u00b7ligents\u201d a l\u2019IBEC, liderats pel Professor de Recerca ICREA Samuel S\u00e1nchez, i del grup de l\u2019ICN2 \u201cSupramolecular Nanochemistry and Materials\u201d, liderat pel Professor ICREA Daniel Maspoch, han desenvolupat nanomotors enzim\u00e0tics autopropulsats que conserven les seves funcionalitats despr\u00e9s de ser exposats a diferents pH \u00e0cids gr\u00e0cies a l’encapsulaci\u00f3 enzim\u00e0tica. Els investigadors de l’IBEC i de l’ICN2 han demostrat, tal com es descriu en un article publicat recentment en Advanced Functional Materials, la validesa d’aquest enfocament amb un nou tipus de nanomotors, anomenats LipoBots (LBs), impulsats per l’enzim ureasa.<\/p>\n

Els autors d’aquest estudi van desenvolupar nanoestructures funcionals en les quals els enzims que proporcionen el combustible per al moviment – mol\u00e8cules d\u2019ureasa, en aquest cas – estan encapsulats en un liposoma, \u00e9s a dir, una ves\u00edcula esf\u00e8rica que t\u00e9 una superf\u00edcie lip\u00eddica d’almenys dues capes (LipoBots-Inside, LB-I). Per tal de poder fer una comparativa, tamb\u00e9 van sintetitzar un altre tipus de nanomotors, en els quals els enzims d\u2019ureasa s’uneixen a la superf\u00edcie externa del liposoma (LipoBots-Outside, LB-O).<\/p>\n

Els investigadors van observar que, mentre que els LB-O es difonen de manera aut\u00f2noma en el medi ambient gr\u00e0cies a la ureasa en l’exterior de les ves\u00edcules, els LB-I no exhibeixen propietats d\u2019autopropulsi\u00f3. No obstant aix\u00f2, aquesta funcionalitat es pot recuperar introduint desoxicolat de sodi, un component de les sals biliars, en l’entorn on s’espera que es moguin els LB-I.<\/p>\n

Els investigadors van estudiar les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies de l’exposici\u00f3 a condicions ambientals adverses incubant els dos tipus de nanomotors en un medi \u00e0cid de pH 3 i 5 (possibles valors del pH de l’est\u00f3mac hum\u00e0) durant 1 hora. Aquesta prova va revelar que tant la capacitat d\u2019autopropulsi\u00f3 com l’activitat enzim\u00e0tica dels LipoBots que tenen la ureasa en la superf\u00edcie es van perdre per complet. Per contra, en els LB-I es va protegir la ureasa encapsulada dels efectes de l’ambient \u00e0cid, per la qual cosa els nanomotors van mantenir la seva activitat enzim\u00e0tica. A m\u00e9s, el seu moviment actiu encara podria activar-se agregant desoxicolat de sodi.<\/p>\n

Aquesta recerca obre el cam\u00ed a l’aplicaci\u00f3 de LipoBots encapsulats al desenvolupament de nous sistemes actius d’administraci\u00f3 de f\u00e0rmacs. At\u00e8s que les seves funcionalitats enzim\u00e0tiques es conserven despr\u00e9s de l’exposici\u00f3 a un entorn hostil i el seu moviment s’activa in situ, aquests nanomotors basats en liposomes podrien usar-se, per exemple, en el tracte gastrointestinal, on les sals biliars s\u00f3n presents de manera natural en l’intest\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia: <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ana C. Hortel\u00e3o, Sonia Garc\u00eda\u2010Jimeno, Mary Cano\u2010Sarabia, Tania Pati\u00f1o, Daniel Maspoch, and Samuel S\u00e1nchez,\u202fLipoBots: Using Liposomal Vesicles as Protective Shell of Urease\u2010Based Nanomotors<\/em>,\u202fAdv. Funct. Mat.,\u202fAugust 2020.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Investigadors de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) i de l’Institut Catal\u00e0 de Nanoci\u00e8ncia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2) desenvolupen un nou tipus de nanomotors enzim\u00e0tics encapsulats. <\/h3>\n

Els denominats LipoBots, que podrien utilitzar-se en aplicacions m\u00e8diques. Els LipoBots s\u00f3n capa\u00e7os d\u2019autopropulsar-se i de conservar la seva funcionalitat enzim\u00e0tica en condicions semblants a les de l’est\u00f3mac hum\u00e0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":77674,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1266,1140],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-77641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-lipobots","tag-samuel-sanchez-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nLipoBots: nanomotors m\u00e9s robustos per a aplicacions biom\u00e8diques desenvolupats amb tecnologia d'encapsulaci\u00f3 - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/lipobots-nanomotors-mes-robustos-per-a-aplicacions-biomediques-desenvolupats-amb-tecnologia-dencapsulacio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LipoBots: nanomotors m\u00e9s robustos per a aplicacions biom\u00e8diques desenvolupats amb tecnologia d'encapsulaci\u00f3 - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Investigadors de l'Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) i de l'Institut Catal\u00e0 de Nanoci\u00e8ncia i Nanotecnologia (ICN2) desenvolupen un nou tipus de nanomotors enzim\u00e0tics encapsulats. 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