{"id":79135,"date":"2020-11-11T15:31:15","date_gmt":"2020-11-11T14:31:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=79135"},"modified":"2020-11-25T09:39:53","modified_gmt":"2020-11-25T08:39:53","slug":"moviment-de-microrrobots-i-forca-ionica-teoria-i-experiments-desxifren-la-seva-relacio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/moviment-de-microrrobots-i-forca-ionica-teoria-i-experiments-desxifren-la-seva-relacio\/","title":{"rendered":"Moviment de microrrobots i for\u00e7a i\u00f2nica: teoria i experiments desxifren la seva relaci\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gr\u00e0cies a aix\u00f2, tamb\u00e9 poden desenvolupar una possible soluci\u00f3 per evitar la p\u00e8rdua de mobilitat quan les sals s\u00f3n presents en el medi, com passa en medis fisiol\u00f2gics.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Fig.1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Els microrobots s\u00f3n estructures esf\u00e8riques o cil\u00edndriques biocompatibles i biodegradables desenvolupades amb t\u00e8cniques de nanobioenginyeria. Una de les seves caracter\u00edstiques m\u00e9s importants \u00e9s que s\u00f3n capa\u00e7os d’autopropulsar-se dins dels l\u00edquids, \u00e9s a dir, de moure’s per si mateixos sense manipulaci\u00f3 externa, com si fossin microsubmarins. El grup d’investigaci\u00f3 \u201cNano Dispositius Biol\u00f2gics Intel\u00b7ligents\u201d del professor d’investigaci\u00f3 ICREA Samuel S\u00e1nchez de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) a Barcelona, \u00e9s un pioner en l’estudi i desenvolupament de microrobots impulsats per enzims, m\u00e0quines catal\u00edtiques a escala nanosc\u00f2pica.<\/p>\n

<\/h6>\n
Fig.1.<\/em> Imatge de <\/span><\/span>microsc\u00f2<\/span><\/span>pi<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>\u00a0electr\u00f2nic<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>de rastreig\u00a0<\/span><\/span>dels\u00a0<\/span><\/span>microrobots<\/span><\/span>\u00a0m<\/span><\/span>ostrant la seva superf\u00edcie rugosa<\/span><\/span>. Font:\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Ionic<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Species<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Affect<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>the<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Self-<\/span><\/span>Propulsion<\/span><\/span>\u00a0of\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Urease-Powered<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Micromotors.<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Research<\/span><\/span>, 2020.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h6>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Fig. 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tradicionalment, el moviment d’aquests microrobots ha estat estudiat en aigua, per\u00f2 ara, els mateixos investigadors acaben de fer un pas m\u00e9s cap a la seva aplicaci\u00f3 real en ambients fisiol\u00f2gics, ja que presenten una composici\u00f3 m\u00e9s complexa, incloent sals i ions. Espec\u00edficament, els investigadors han descobert que la concentraci\u00f3 de sals en el l\u00edquid \u00e9s decisiva per a la velocitat de moviment dels microrobots<\/strong>. S\u00e1nchez, el seu equip i col\u00b7laboradors ho publiquen en dos articles, en les revistes Physical Review Letters and Research, i conclouen que el moviment dels microrobots es produeix en funci\u00f3 de la quantitat de sals presents en el l\u00edquid en qu\u00e8 es trobin: a major concentraci\u00f3 de sals, menys moviment. Tamb\u00e9 proposen una soluci\u00f3 per reduir la p\u00e8rdua de mobilitat dels microrobots.<\/p>\n

Fig.2.<\/em> Imatge de\u00a0<\/span><\/span>microsc\u00f2<\/span><\/span>pia<\/span><\/span>\u00a0de fluoresc\u00e8ncia que mostra<\/span><\/span>\u00a0la<\/span><\/span>\u00a0ureasa (marcada en verd) adherida a la superf\u00edcie dels\u00a0<\/span><\/span>microrobots<\/span><\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Detall:<\/span><\/span>\u00a0imatge de\u00a0<\/span><\/span>microsc\u00f2pi<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>\u00a0electr\u00f2nic<\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span>\u00a0de transmissi\u00f3 d’un\u00a0<\/span><\/span>microbot<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Font:\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Ionic<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Species<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Affect<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>the<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Self-<\/span><\/span>Propulsion<\/span><\/span>\u00a0of\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Urease-Powered<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Micromotors.<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Research<\/span><\/span>, 2020.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>\n

Un nou model per explicar el moviment<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Els microrobots utilitzats pels investigadors de l’IBEC s\u00f3n part\u00edcules actives en les quals es produeix una reacci\u00f3 enzim\u00e0tica: estan coberts amb ureasa, l’enzim que descompon la urea i la transforma en di\u00f2xid de carboni i amon\u00edac. \u00c9s el trencament de la urea el que fa moure el microrobot. Cl\u00e0ssicament, l’estudi del moviment per propulsi\u00f3 d’aquest tipus de part\u00edcules ha donat import\u00e0ncia nom\u00e9s a la generaci\u00f3 de productes qu\u00edmics (amb o sense c\u00e0rrega) de manera asim\u00e8trica al voltant del microbot, \u00e9s a dir, quan les quantitats de producte alliberat no s\u00f3n iguals en tota la superf\u00edcie. En altres paraules, l’enfocament fins ara era que el moviment de microrobots depenia nom\u00e9s de la generaci\u00f3 de productes qu\u00edmics, carregats o no. No obstant aix\u00f2, aquest model no va poder explicar l’observaci\u00f3 dels investigadors de l’IBEC, que van veure com en pres\u00e8ncia de sals, el moviment es redu\u00efa. Per aquesta ra\u00f3, en un primer estudi publicat a la revista Physical Review Letters<\/em>, amb la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 de Marino Arroyo, professor de la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC) i investigador associat a l’IBEC, els investigadors han aplicat un model general de moviment per a part\u00edcules qu\u00edmicament actives que s\u00f3n impulsades alliberant part\u00edcules carregades, anomenades ions, per estudiar el moviment d’aquests microrobots.<\/p>\n

L’estudi te\u00f2ric detallat d’aquest model indica que la velocitat de moviment dels microrobots dep\u00e8n de la quantitat de sals en el medi, sent m\u00e9s baixa en concentracions altes. Contr\u00e0riament a les teories cl\u00e0ssiques, el moviment dep\u00e8n de l’alliberament de productes que tenen una c\u00e0rrega, de manera que quan hi ha sals en el medi aquesta c\u00e0rrega interactua amb ells microrobots i no es produeixen les condicions qu\u00edmiques adequades per al moviment. Per aix\u00f2 en pres\u00e8ncia de sals hi ha menys moviment. Aquestes troballes te\u00f2riques s’han verificat en un primer enfocament experimental, comparant el moviment dels microrobots en aigua pura i en aigua amb diferents concentracions del component principal de la sal de cuina, clorur de sodi (NaCl).<\/p>\n

La teoria i els experiments expliquen que els microrobots es mouen mitjan\u00e7ant l’alliberament d’ions, de manera que la seva pres\u00e8ncia en el medi, en forma de sals, afecta el seu moviment.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Marco De Corato, primer coautor de l\u2019article publicat a “PhysRevLett”<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Experiments i un recobriment nou per evitar perdre mobilitat<\/strong><\/h2>\n

En un segon estudi, aquest cop experimental i publicat a la revista Research, els investigadors van estudiar el moviment dels microrobots en condicions fisiol\u00f2giques i en medis amb concentracions variables de sals i amb diferents pHs (mesura de l’acidesa del medi). Per eliminar un possible efecte de contacte dels microrobots amb la superf\u00edcie inferior del recipient en el moviment, confirmen que es mouen en 3D utilitzant la microsc\u00f2pia hologr\u00e0fica digital.<\/p>\n

Com que les sals s\u00f3n un dels components principals dels medis fisiol\u00f2gics, \u00e9s essencial minimitzar el seu efecte negatiu, de manera que els microrrobots es puguin utilitzar en aplicacions biom\u00e8diques. Per aconseguir aquest objectiu, els investigadors van modificar la superf\u00edcie dels microrobots amb un revestiment d’un pol\u00edmer anomenat polietilenglicol, i van observar que la velocitat va augmentar significativament a concentracions interm\u00e8dies de sals sense influir en l’activitat enzim\u00e0tica.<\/p>\n

\n

Comprendre el mecanisme fisicoqu\u00edmic pel qual els microrobots s\u00f3n impulsats \u00e9s essencial per al seu \u00fas correcte i d’una manera controlada en aplicacions biom\u00e8diques o tecnol\u00f2giques futures.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Xavier Arqu\u00e9, primer autor de l\u2019article publicat a “Research”<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n

Articles<\/span><\/b>\u00a0de referencia:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Marco De\u00a0Corato, Xavier Arqu\u00e9, Tania Pati\u00f1o, Marino Arroyo, Samuel S\u00e1nchez and Ignacio\u00a0Pagonabarraga\u00a0(2020).Self-Propulsion of Active Colloids via Ion Release: Theory and Experiments<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span>Physical Review Letters<\/span><\/i>, <\/span>124(10), 108001.<\/p>\n

Xavier\u00a0Arqu\u00e9, Xavier Andr\u00e9s, Rafael\u00a0Mestre, Bernard\u00a0Ciraulo, Jaime Ortega Arroyo,\u00a0Romain\u00a0Quidant, Tania\u00a0Pati\u00f1o, and Samuel S\u00e1nchez (2020).Ionic Species Affect the Self-Propulsion of Urease-Powered\u00a0<\/span>Micromotors<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span>Research<\/span><\/i>,\u00a0<\/span>Volume\u00a02020,\u00a0Article\u00a0ID 2424972.<\/p>\n

\n

Sobre l’IBEC<\/strong><\/p>\n

L’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) \u00e9s un centre CERCA, reconegut dues vegades com a Centre d’Excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia Severo Ochoa, i membre de l’Institut de Ci\u00e8ncia i Tecnologia de Barcelona (BIST). L’IBEC realitza una recerca multidisciplin\u00e0ria d’excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia en la frontera entre l\u2019enginyeria i les ci\u00e8ncies de la vida per generar coneixement, integrant camps com la nanomedicina, la biof\u00edsica, la biotecnologia, l’enginyeria de teixits i les aplicacions de tecnologia de la informaci\u00f3 en el camp de la salut. L’IBEC va ser creat el 2005 per la Generalitat de Catalunya, la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) i la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El grup del Professor ICREA Samuel S\u00e1nchez a l’IBEC revela que el moviment autopropulsat de microrobots dep\u00e8n de la quantitat de sals, anomenada for\u00e7a i\u00f2nica, presents en el l\u00edquid on naveguen. Gr\u00e0cies al treball conjunt d’investigadors te\u00f2rics i experimentals, s\u00b4ha desenvolupat un model per entendre el mecanisme pel qual s\u2019impulsen els microrobots.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":79182,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1306,1305,1140],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-79135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-forca-ionica","tag-microrobots","tag-samuel-sanchez-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nMoviment de microrrobots i for\u00e7a i\u00f2nica: teoria i experiments desxifren la seva relaci\u00f3 - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/moviment-de-microrrobots-i-forca-ionica-teoria-i-experiments-desxifren-la-seva-relacio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Moviment de microrrobots i for\u00e7a i\u00f2nica: teoria i experiments desxifren la seva relaci\u00f3 - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El grup del Professor ICREA Samuel S\u00e1nchez a l'IBEC revela que el moviment autopropulsat de microrobots dep\u00e8n de la quantitat de sals, anomenada for\u00e7a i\u00f2nica, presents en el l\u00edquid on naveguen. Gr\u00e0cies al treball conjunt d'investigadors te\u00f2rics i experimentals, s\u00b4ha desenvolupat un model per entendre el mecanisme pel qual s\u2019impulsen els microrobots.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/moviment-de-microrrobots-i-forca-ionica-teoria-i-experiments-desxifren-la-seva-relacio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-11T14:31:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-11-25T08:39:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Imagen2-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"457\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"357\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u00c0ngels L\u00f3pez\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u00c0ngels L\u00f3pez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minuts\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/ca\\\/moviment-de-microrrobots-i-forca-ionica-teoria-i-experiments-desxifren-la-seva-relacio\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/ca\\\/moviment-de-microrrobots-i-forca-ionica-teoria-i-experiments-desxifren-la-seva-relacio\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u00c0ngels L\u00f3pez\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c212c6b589546130be67986b9290e2b8\"},\"headline\":\"Moviment de microrrobots i for\u00e7a i\u00f2nica: teoria i experiments desxifren la seva relaci\u00f3\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-11T14:31:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-11-25T08:39:53+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/ca\\\/moviment-de-microrrobots-i-forca-ionica-teoria-i-experiments-desxifren-la-seva-relacio\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1157,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/ca\\\/moviment-de-microrrobots-i-forca-ionica-teoria-i-experiments-desxifren-la-seva-relacio\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/Imagen2-1.png\",\"keywords\":[\"for\u00e7a i\u00f2nica\",\"microrobots\",\"Samuel Sanchez\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Not\u00edcies de recerca\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/ca\\\/moviment-de-microrrobots-i-forca-ionica-teoria-i-experiments-desxifren-la-seva-relacio\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/ca\\\/moviment-de-microrrobots-i-forca-ionica-teoria-i-experiments-desxifren-la-seva-relacio\\\/\",\"name\":\"Moviment de microrrobots i for\u00e7a i\u00f2nica: teoria i experiments desxifren la seva relaci\u00f3 - 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