{"id":79260,"date":"2020-11-25T09:33:09","date_gmt":"2020-11-25T08:33:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=79260"},"modified":"2021-05-17T10:18:25","modified_gmt":"2021-05-17T08:18:25","slug":"noves-molecules-desenvolupades-en-ibec-permeten-dilatar-la-pupil%c2%b7la-amb-llum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/noves-molecules-desenvolupades-en-ibec-permeten-dilatar-la-pupil%c2%b7la-amb-llum\/","title":{"rendered":"Noves mol\u00e8cules desenvolupades en IBEC permeten dilatar la pupil\u00b7la amb llum"},"content":{"rendered":"

El descobriment obre el cam\u00ed al desenvolupament de ter\u00e0pies m\u00e9s segures i efectives dirigides als receptors adren\u00e8rgics com, per exemple, en els procediments oftalmol\u00f2gics.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Adrenoswitches<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00c9s possible dilatar les pupil\u00b7les utilitzant llum? La resposta semblaria ser que no, ja que aquestes estan dissenyades per a ajustar-se a la intensitat de la llum ambiental, precisament en el sentit contrari. \u00c9s per aix\u00f2 que, per a una prova comunament realitzada pels oftalm\u00f2legs per a examinar el nervi \u00f2ptic i la retina, sigui necessari dilatar la pupil\u00b7la amb medicaments, els anomenats agents midri\u00e0tics. Desafortunadament, aquests procediments de dilataci\u00f3 de la pupil\u00b7la presenten efectes secundaris adversos com visi\u00f3 borrosa, augment de la sensibilitat a la llum i augment de la pressi\u00f3 ocular.<\/p>\n

Ara, investigadors del grup ‘Nanoprobes and Nanoswitches’ de l’Institut de Bioingenier\u00eda de Catalunya (IBEC), tamb\u00e9 investigadors CIBER-BBN, liderats pel professor de recerca ICREA Pau Gorostiza, en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb diversos instituts de recerca (UAH, EHU, UAB, IRYCIS, IDIBAPS, IRB), han trobat una alternativa innovadora.<\/p>\n

En un estudi publicat en la revista Angewandte Chemie International Edition<\/em>, els investigadors han demostrat que els receptors adren\u00e8rgics o adrenoceptors es poden “encendre i apagar” utilitzant llum i un conjunt de noves mol\u00e8cules desenvolupades en IBEC. Els investigadors van anomenar aquestes mol\u00e8cules innovadores com “adrenoswitches”, o \u201cinterruptors adren\u00e8rgics\u201d. Per a demostrar l’efecte d’aquests interruptors moleculars, els investigadors es van centrar en un \u00f2rgan que ofereix una finestra perfecta a la llum: l’ull. Una manera d’induir la dilataci\u00f3 de la pupil\u00b7la \u00e9s utilitzar agonistes dels adrenoceptors, prote\u00efnes que s’expressen en gaireb\u00e9 qualsevol \u00f2rgan i teixit del cos hum\u00e0 i que regulen, tamb\u00e9, importants funcions fisiol\u00f2giques com la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia card\u00edaca i respirat\u00f2ria, la digesti\u00f3, el to vascular, el di\u00e0metre de la pupil\u00b7la i la secreci\u00f3 de gl\u00e0ndules.<\/p>\n

\u201c<\/span><\/span>Adren<\/span><\/span>oswitches<\/span><\/span>\u201d o interruptors adren\u00e8rgic<\/span><\/span>s, mol\u00e8cules innovadores assajades\u00a0<\/span><\/span>in\u00a0<\/span><\/span>vivo<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Utilitzant an\u00e0legs no convencionals d’una mol\u00e8cula fotosensible anomenada azobenz\u00e8, els investigadors van dissenyar els nous compostos. Van demostrar, primer, que aquests \u201cadrenoswitches\u201d, s\u00f3n capa\u00e7os, sota les condicions adequades d’il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3, de dilatar els vasos sanguinis en rates (efecte antihipertensiu) i de reduir la mobilitat en el peix zebra (efecte sedant).<\/p>\n

La difer\u00e8ncia entre mol\u00e8cules comercialitzades i els nous \u201cadrenoswitches\u201d radica en el fet que aquests \u00faltims estan inactius en la foscor, mentre que la il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3 amb llum violeta activa la seva acci\u00f3, de tal manera que \u00e9s possible controlar millor el seu \u00fas. Els agents dilatadors dels ulls (midri\u00e0tics) que s’utilitzen habitualment en diversos procediments oft\u00e0lmics, presenten efectes secundaris. \u00c9s per aix\u00f2 que la ind\u00fastria farmac\u00e8utica est\u00e0 buscant nous f\u00e0rmacs que puguin desactivar la seva acci\u00f3 despr\u00e9s de l’exploraci\u00f3 ocular. Per contra, els investigadors de l’IBEC van imaginar un f\u00e0rmac que dilat\u00e9s la pupil\u00b7la nom\u00e9s durant l’examen, i que despr\u00e9s es desactiv\u00e9s, tan aviat com s’apagu\u00e9s la llum.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Figura: El grau de dilataci\u00f3 de la pupil\u00b7la\u00a0<\/span><\/span>est\u00e0 regulat per \u03b1-<\/span><\/span>adrenoceptor<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span>\u00a0situats en el m\u00fascul dilatador de l’iris. L’exposici\u00f3 a la llum intensa indueix una contracci\u00f3 espont\u00e0nia de la pupil\u00b7la com a mecanisme reflex per a protegir la retina. Adrenos<\/span><\/span>witch-1, un agonista\u00a0<\/span><\/span>fotocr\u00f2mic<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u03b1-adren\u00e8rgic<\/span><\/span>\u00a0(A), provoca una resposta en ratolins cecs despr\u00e9s de l’activaci\u00f3 amb llum violeta (B). En animals silvestres, el compost va inhibir el reflex pupil\u00b7lar causat per la llum violeta (tra\u00e7 porpra), mentre que la resposta a la llum visible es va mantenir (tra\u00e7 verd) (C) Font:\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Angewandte<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Chemie<\/span><\/span>\u00a0In<\/span><\/span>ternational Edition, 2020.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>\n

Les mol\u00e8cules que hem desenvolupat, denominades\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Adrenoswitches<\/span><\/span>, podrien ser una eina disruptiva per a activar de manera selectiva processos fisiol\u00f2gics amb un raig de llum, i\u00a0<\/span><\/span>desenvolupar ter\u00e0pies segures i efectives.<\/span><\/span>
<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Davia<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Prischich<\/span><\/span>. Investigadora de l’IBEC i autora principal de l’article<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>
<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Quan es va provar en ratolins cecs, les pupil\u00b7les dels quals no responen a la il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3, la mol\u00e8cula adrenoswitch-1 va provocar una dilataci\u00f3 de la pupil\u00b7la que es va revertir en retirar la font de llum activadora. En els animals silvestres, va inhibir el reflex de contracci\u00f3 de la pupil\u00b7la en activar-la amb llum violeta. S’espera que la troballa permeti \u00e0mplies aplicacions fonamentals i terap\u00e8utiques, ja que combina la selectivitat de la modulaci\u00f3 farmacol\u00f2gica amb les propietats precises de la llum.<\/p>\n

\n

Article de referencia:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Davia\u00a0Prischich, Alexandre M. J.\u00a0Gomila, Santiago Milla-Navarro,\u00a0Gemma\u00a0Sang\u00fcesa, Rebeca Diez-Alarcia, Beatrice\u00a0Preda, Carlo Matera, Montserrat Batlle, Laura Ram\u00edrez,\u00a0Ernest\u00a0Giralt, Jordi Hernando,\u00a0Eduard\u00a0Guasch, J. Javier Meana, Pedro de la Villa, Pau Gorostiza.Adrenergic<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b>modulation<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b>with<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b>photochromic<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b>ligands<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span>Angewandte\u00a0Chemie, International\u00a0Edition. 2020.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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