{"id":82214,"date":"2021-03-02T10:00:10","date_gmt":"2021-03-02T09:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=82214"},"modified":"2021-03-09T11:46:37","modified_gmt":"2021-03-09T10:46:37","slug":"la-voluntat-es-clau-per-a-potenciar-laprenentatge-i-la-memoria-descobert-el-mecanisme-que-ho-fa-possible","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/la-voluntat-es-clau-per-a-potenciar-laprenentatge-i-la-memoria-descobert-el-mecanisme-que-ho-fa-possible\/","title":{"rendered":"La voluntat \u00e9s clau per a potenciar l’aprenentatge i la mem\u00f2ria: descobert el mecanisme que ho fa possible"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
El cervell hum\u00e0 amb els seus principals subsistemes. L’hipocamp, l’objecte d’aquest estudi, \u00e9s l’estructura allargada en primer pla que es mostra en groc.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L’aprenentatge actiu o voluntari \u00e9s un tema transcendental en educaci\u00f3, psicologia i neuroci\u00e8ncia. Durant anys, nombrosos estudis han demostrat que, quan l’aprenentatge es produeix a partir de l’acci\u00f3 volunt\u00e0ria, hi ha una modulaci\u00f3 de l’atenci\u00f3, la motivaci\u00f3 i el control cognitiu que fa que el proc\u00e9s sigui molt m\u00e9s efectiu. En conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, la mem\u00f2ria es veu beneficiada. No obstant aix\u00f2, encara que s’havien identificat els processos fisiol\u00f2gics que subjauen a aquesta realitat en el cervell de ratolins, no s’havia corroborat la seva exist\u00e8ncia en la nostra esp\u00e8cie.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ara, un grup internacional d’investigadors liderats <\/span>pel Professor de Recerca ICREA Paul Verschure <\/span>des del laboratori\u202f<\/span>SPECS<\/span><\/a>\u202fde l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (<\/span>IBEC<\/span><\/a>), en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb la <\/span>Universitat del Ruhr de Bochum<\/span><\/a> (Alemanya), la <\/span>Universitat Pompeu Fabra<\/span><\/a> i<\/span> el Dr. Rodrigo Rocamora de<\/span> l’<\/span>Hospital de la Mar<\/span><\/a>, han identificat per primera vegada en humans, el mecanisme responsable d’aquest fenomen.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La clau resideix en les oscil\u00b7lacions de les ones theta generades per l’hipocamp del cervell hum\u00e0, quan \u00e9s el cervell qui posseeix el control del proc\u00e9s d’aprenentatge.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mem\u00f2ria i llibertat individual\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

El treball, publicat recentment en la prestigiosa revista cient\u00edfica <\/span>PN<\/span>AS<\/span><\/a> (<\/span>Proceedings\u202fof\u202fthe\u202fNational\u202fAcademy\u202fof\u202fSciences\u202fof\u202fthe\u202fUnited\u202fStates\u202fof\u202fAmerica<\/span><\/i>), es basa en un experiment dut a terme amb pacients d’epil\u00e8psia que, en un joc de realitat virtual, navegaven per una pista quadrada, i als quals se’ls demanava que recordessin imatges d’objectes presentats en diferents localitzacions de la pista. La navegaci\u00f3 podia ser activa, quan els participants controlaven lliurement els seus moviments; o passiva, si era un altre subjecte qui planificava el recorregut i, per tant, qui decidia l’ordre d’exposici\u00f3 de les imatges. En aquesta segona modalitat, per tant, els subjectes no exercien<\/span> cap<\/span> control sobre com memoritzar els objectes dispersos en l’entorn virtual.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L’estudi de l’activitat\u202felectrofisiol\u00f2gica\u202fde l’hipocamp i el testatge en el reconeixement dels objectes al final de l’experiment, va permetre comprovar la import\u00e0ncia de l’aprenentatge actiu en cadascun dels participants. “En els subjectes que havien tingut la possibilitat de dur a terme una navegaci\u00f3 activa s’identificava un increment de les oscil\u00b7lacions theta que feia m\u00e9s efica\u00e7 l’aprenentatge i la mem\u00f2ria posterior. Per\u00f2, a m\u00e9s, el que succe\u00efa era que es donaven dos fen\u00f2mens consecutius, separats per mil\u00b7lisegons. Un d’ells corresponia a la codificaci\u00f3 de la informaci\u00f3; l’altre, a la recuperaci\u00f3 d’informaci\u00f3 pr\u00e8viament emmagatzemada: la reactivaci\u00f3 de la mem\u00f2ria”, explica el Dr. Daniel Pacheco, primer autor de l\u2019estudi.<\/p>\n

En efecte, els subjectes que podien navegar de manera lliure per l’entorn virtual promovien un codi de fase theta que afavoria la fixaci\u00f3 i recuperaci\u00f3 d’informaci\u00f3, igual que succe\u00efa en els treballs anteriors duts a terme amb rosegadors. Aquests resultats constitueixen, per tant, un pont entre els resultats experimentals en el model animal i la recerca de la mem\u00f2ria humana.<\/p>\n

\"\"Aquest estudi aporta dades emp\u00edriques que ratifiquen la import\u00e0ncia de la llibertat individual per a promoure un aprenentatge efica\u00e7 en humans<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Paul Verschure<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Implicacions pedag\u00f2giques i psicol\u00f2giques\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Les aplicacions pr\u00e0ctiques d’aquest descobriment s\u00f3n \u00e0mplies i de gran import\u00e0ncia. <\/span>“La identificaci\u00f3 d’aquests dos diferents moments en les oscil\u00b7lacions theta podrien facilitar intervencions concretes. Per exemple, podr\u00edem manipular l’oscil\u00b7laci\u00f3 per a eliminar records traum\u00e0tics o potenciar les mem\u00f2ries que es perden per culpa d’amn\u00e8sies o de malalties neurodegeneratives”<\/strong>, prossegueix el Dr. Pacheco. A m\u00e9s, t\u00e9 una gran rellev\u00e0ncia en el camp educatiu, ja que suposa la confirmaci\u00f3 emp\u00edrica que elements com la motivaci\u00f3, el control cognitiu i la capacitat per a decidir per un mateix s\u00f3n claus per a un aprenentatge efica\u00e7.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“La transcend\u00e8ncia d’aquest descobriment \u00e9s enorme” assenyala Paul F. M. J.\u202fVerschure, un altre dels autors de l’estudi. “Hem aconseguit arribar aqu\u00ed despr\u00e9s de m\u00e9s de\u202f20\u202fanys de recerca i els resultats obtinguts s\u00f3n clars. <\/span>Que la voluntat sigui clau per a la integraci\u00f3 de la informaci\u00f3 en la mem\u00f2ria ens d\u00f3na arguments per a dir que, si convertim a les persones en subjectes passius, si se les coacciona, el seu aprenentatge ser\u00e0 pitjor.”\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Daniel Pacheco Estefan, Riccardo <\/span>Zucca<\/span>, Xerxes <\/span>Arsiwalla<\/span>, Alessandro Principe, Hui Zhang, Rodrigo <\/span>Rocamora<\/span>, Nikolai Axmacher, Paul F. M. J. Verschure. <\/span>\u201cVolitional learning promotes theta phase coding in the human hippocampus<\/a><\/i><\/strong>\u201d. <\/span><\/i><\/b>PNAS, 202<\/span><\/i>1<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un equip internacional liderat des del laboratori SPECS de l’IBEC identifica, per primera vegada en humans, el mecanisme fisiol\u00f2gic responsable de l’efic\u00e0cia dels processos d’aprenentatge basats en l’automotivaci\u00f3 i la llibertat d’elecci\u00f3. Les protagonistes d’aquest mecanisme s\u00f3n les ones cerebrals de tipus theta, que regulen la capacitat de les neurones de l’hipocamp hum\u00e0 per a fixar i recuperar informaci\u00f3.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":82210,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1440,1145],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-82214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-cervell","tag-paul-verschure-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nLa voluntat \u00e9s clau per a potenciar l'aprenentatge i la mem\u00f2ria: descobert el mecanisme que ho fa possible - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/la-voluntat-es-clau-per-a-potenciar-laprenentatge-i-la-memoria-descobert-el-mecanisme-que-ho-fa-possible\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La voluntat \u00e9s clau per a potenciar l'aprenentatge i la mem\u00f2ria: descobert el mecanisme que ho fa possible - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un equip internacional liderat des del laboratori SPECS de l'IBEC identifica, per primera vegada en humans, el mecanisme fisiol\u00f2gic responsable de l'efic\u00e0cia dels processos d'aprenentatge basats en l'automotivaci\u00f3 i la llibertat d'elecci\u00f3. 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