{"id":83573,"date":"2021-04-21T20:05:56","date_gmt":"2021-04-21T18:05:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=83573"},"modified":"2021-04-30T10:05:33","modified_gmt":"2021-04-30T08:05:33","slug":"arriba-una-nova-generacio-de-robots-vius-son-capacos-de-nadar-auto-entrenar-se-i-mostren-una-velocitat-i-forca-impactants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/arriba-una-nova-generacio-de-robots-vius-son-capacos-de-nadar-auto-entrenar-se-i-mostren-una-velocitat-i-forca-impactants\/","title":{"rendered":"Arriba una nova generaci\u00f3 de robots vius"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

El camp de la rob\u00f2tica t\u00e9 com a objectiu imitar el que han aconsegu<\/span>it <\/span>les entitats biol\u00f2giques naturals<\/span> al llarg de mil\u00b7lennis d’evoluci\u00f3: accions com moure’s, adaptar-se al medi o detectar<\/span> el seu entorn<\/span>. M\u00e9s enll\u00e0 dels robots r\u00edgids tradicionals, recentment ha sorgit el camp de la <\/span>\u201c<\/span>rob\u00f2tica <\/span>tova<\/span>\u201d<\/span> qu<\/span>e utilitza materials flexibles<\/span> i <\/span>ajustables<\/span>, <\/span>capa\u00e7os d’adaptar-se al seu entorn de manera m\u00e9s eficient<\/span>. Amb aquest objectiu en ment, els cient\u00edfics treballen des de fa anys en els anomenats robots <\/span>bioh\u00edbrids<\/span> o <\/span>biobots<\/span>, compostos generalment de teixit muscular, sigui card\u00edac o esquel\u00e8tic, i un<\/span>a bastida <\/span>artificial, aconseguint robots vius <\/span>amb la capacitat d\u2019arrossegar-se, enganxar-se o nedar. <\/span>Malauradament, els <\/span>biobots<\/span> actuals <\/span>estaven molt lluny de poder<\/span> imitar el <\/span>comportament de la natura,<\/span> en termes de mobilitat i for\u00e7a.\u00a0<\/span>
\n<\/span>Ara, investigadors de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) <\/span>liderats <\/span>pel professor d’investigaci\u00f3 ICREA, Samuel S\u00e1nchez, han superat tots dos reptes i han aconseguit un gran avan\u00e7 en el camp dels <\/span>biobots<\/span> mitjan\u00e7ant l’\u00fas d’eines de bioenginyeria. S\u00e1nchez i els seus col\u00b7legues de l’IBEC han aplicat la <\/span>bioimpressi\u00f3<\/span> 3D i el disseny d’enginyeria per al desenvolupament de <\/span>biobots<\/span>, de poc m\u00e9s d\u2019un cent\u00edmetre de longitud, <\/span>que poden nedar<\/span> i lliscar<\/span> com <\/span>els <\/span>peixos, a<\/span> velocitats sense precedents. La clau: utilitzar la contracci\u00f3 espont\u00e0nia de materials basats en c\u00e8l\u00b7lules musculars <\/span>juntament <\/span>amb un esquelet <\/span>innovador i flexible<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Biobots<\/span> IBEC amb capacitats d\u2019<\/span>auto<\/span> entrenament<\/span> obtinguts <\/span>gr\u00e0cies al seu<\/span> esquelet<\/span> amb un disseny<\/span> innovador<\/span> basat en la bioenginyeria<\/span>
<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Tot i que la majoria d’investigadors solen treballar amb bastides r\u00edgides per <\/span>obteni<\/span>r robots artificials, els investigadors de l’IBEC van utilitzar robots biol\u00f2gics basats en un<\/span>a serpentina <\/span>flexible fabrica<\/span>da<\/span> amb un pol\u00edmer anomenat PDMS, que es va dissenyar i optimitzar mitjan\u00e7ant simulacions<\/span>, que<\/span> despr\u00e9s es va imprimir mitjan\u00e7ant tecnologia 3D . L’avantatge d’aquest<\/span>a<\/span> innovador<\/span>a<\/span> basti<\/span>da<\/span> rau en l’entrenament i desenvolupament millorats del teixit mitjan\u00e7ant <\/span>l’<\/span>auto<\/span>estimulaci\u00f3<\/span> mec\u00e0nica <\/span>amb<\/span> contraccions espont\u00e0nies, que crea un bucle de retroalimentaci\u00f3 a causa de la for\u00e7a de restauraci\u00f3 de la molla. Aquest<\/span>a<\/span> capacitat d\u2019<\/span>auto<\/span> entrenament<\/span> comporta una <\/span>millor actuaci\u00f3<\/span> i una major for\u00e7a de contracci\u00f3<\/span> del <\/span>biobot<\/span>. Aquest<\/span>s esquelets <\/span>no s’ha<\/span>vien<\/span> incl\u00f2s <\/span>mai <\/span>abans en un sistema de vida rob\u00f2tic <\/span>tova.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Els Biobots de l\u2019IBEC neden a una velocitat sense precedents i llisquen com els peixos\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

A m\u00e9s de la capacitat de “<\/span>auto<\/span>ent<\/span>renament<\/span>“, el<\/span> biobot<\/span> basat<\/span> en c\u00e8l\u00b7lules <\/span>de m\u00fascul esquel\u00e8tic <\/span>desenvolupa<\/span>ts<\/span> per investigadors de l’IBEC es <\/span>mouen<\/span> a velocitats 791 vegades m\u00e9s r\u00e0pid<\/span>es<\/span> que els <\/span>biobots<\/span> basats en <\/span>cel\u00b7lules<\/span> musculars coneguts<\/span> fins a la data i comparables amb altres <\/span>nedadors biol\u00f2gics <\/span>basats en <\/span>cardi<\/span>mi\u00f2cit<\/span>s<\/span> (c\u00e8l\u00b7lules del cor).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Per\u00f2 aquests nous <\/span>biobots<\/span> tamb\u00e9 van ser capa\u00e7os de realitzar altres moviments: <\/span>s\u00f3n capa\u00e7os de lliscar quan es col\u00b7loquen prop de la superf\u00edcie del fons aqu\u00e0tic, assemblant-se a l’estil de nataci\u00f3 de certs peixos, com el comportament de r\u00e0fega intermitent dels peixos zebra, caracteritzat per moviments espor\u00e0dics seguit de fases d’in\u00e8rcia.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

El treball de S\u00e1nchez, Guix i els <\/span>col\u00b7laboradors<\/span> de l’IBEC obre les portes a una nova generaci\u00f3 de robots biol\u00f2gics m\u00e9s forts i r\u00e0pids basats en c\u00e8l\u00b7lules musculars, amb <\/span>aplicacions potencials <\/span>tant <\/span>en <\/span>medi ambient<\/span> com<\/span> en l<\/span>‘administraci\u00f3<\/span> de f\u00e0rmacs<\/span> o el <\/span>desenvolupament de pr\u00f2tesis bi\u00f2niques. <\/span>En el camp biom\u00e8dic, la possibilitat d’imprimir aquests models musculars en 3D amb m\u00fasculs humans, ofereix l’oportunitat <\/span>d’utilitzar aquesta tecnologia en plataformes m\u00e8diques per testar f\u00e0rmacs.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hem <\/span><\/span>dissenyat BIOBOTS <\/span><\/span>compostos de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules musculars que es mouen com cucs o peixos, reaccionen als est\u00edmuls el\u00e8ctrics i exerceixen forces i velocitats sorprenents gr\u00e0cies a<\/span><\/span> la seva capacitat <\/span>d\u2019auto<\/span><\/span>entrenament<\/span><\/span> i al seu <\/span><\/span>esquelet <\/span><\/span>flexible<\/span><\/span> que s\u2019ha<\/span><\/span> impr\u00e8s en 3D<\/span><\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Samuel S\u00e1nchez, professor de recercaICREA<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Aquesta gran <\/span><\/span>for\u00e7a,<\/span><\/span> resulta<\/span><\/span>t<\/span><\/span> del<\/span><\/span> disseny que permet <\/span>l<\/span><\/span>‘auto<\/span><\/span>entrenament<\/span>,<\/span><\/span> han perm\u00e8s <\/span><\/span>que els nostres <\/span><\/span>biobots<\/span><\/span> siguin <\/span><\/span>els <\/span><\/span>robot<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span> bioh\u00edbrid<\/span><\/span>s<\/span><\/span> nedadors m\u00e9s r\u00e0pids <\/span><\/span>fins <\/span><\/span>avui dia<\/span><\/span>, aconseguint una velocitat <\/span><\/span>791<\/span><\/span> cops m\u00e9s alta<\/span><\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Maria Guix, investigadora Postdoctoral
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia:\u00a0 <\/strong>Maria Guix, Rafael Mestre, Tania Pati\u00f1o, Marco De Corato, Judith Fuentes,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Giulia Zarpellon and Samuel S\u00e1nchez. <\/span>Biohybrid soft robots with self-stimulating skeletons<\/em>. Science Robotics, 2021<\/span>, <\/span>\u202f<\/span>DOI <\/span>10.1126\/<\/span>scirobotics.abe<\/span>7577<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Contacte per a m\u00e9s informaci\u00f3: alopez<\/span>@ibecbarcelona.eu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Investigadors de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya, liderats per Samuel S\u00e1nchez, aconsegueixen un gran avan\u00e7 en el camp dels robots biol\u00f2gics gr\u00e0cies al desenvolupament de nous biobots, basats en c\u00e8l\u00b7lules musculars, capa\u00e7os nedar a velocitats sense precedents i reaccionar als est\u00edmuls el\u00e8ctrics gr\u00e0cies al seu poder d\u2019auto entrenament mitjan\u00e7ant un esquelet intel\u00b7ligent impr\u00e8s en 3D.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":83611,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1475,1140],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-83573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-biobots-ca","tag-samuel-sanchez-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nArriba una nova generaci\u00f3 de robots vius - Institute for Bioengineering of 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