{"id":85168,"date":"2021-06-17T12:44:15","date_gmt":"2021-06-17T10:44:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=85168"},"modified":"2021-06-21T12:58:04","modified_gmt":"2021-06-21T10:58:04","slug":"controlen-les-oscil%c2%b7lacions-cerebrals-amb-llum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/controlen-les-oscil%c2%b7lacions-cerebrals-amb-llum\/","title":{"rendered":"Controlen les oscil\u00b7lacions cerebrals amb llum\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

El cervell presenta diferents estats depenent de la comunicaci\u00f3 entre milers de milions de neurones, i aquesta xarxa \u00e9s la base de totes les nostres percepcions, mem\u00f2ries i comportaments. Sovint es considera una “caixa negra”, amb un acc\u00e9s dif\u00edcil per als\u00a0metges\u00a0i investigadors, ja que hi ha poques\u00a0i\u00a0limitades\u00a0eines disponibles per realitzar estudis precisos i\u00a0espacio-temporals sobre el comportament neuronal cerebral. Ara, investigadors de l’Institut\u00a0de\u00a0Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb\u00a0l\u2019Institut d’Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica\u00a0August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) i han afegit una mica de llum al tema:\u00a0<\/span>els cient\u00edfics han\u00a0controlat,\u00a0per primera vegada,\u00a0l’activitat neuronal en el cervell utilitzant una mol\u00e8cula sensible a la llum<\/span><\/b>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L’estudi, que va\u00a0incloure\u00a0investigadors\u00a0de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB),\u00a0es va dur a terme en el marc del\u00a0projecte<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Human Brain\u00a0<\/span><\/a>de la UE<\/span>\u00a0i descriu la primera manera de\u00a0fotomodular\u00a0directament les transicions de l’estat cerebral\u00a0<\/span>in\u00a0vivo<\/span><\/i>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

El treball, liderat pels\u00a0Professors de\u00a0Recerca ICREA Pau\u00a0Gorostiza\u00a0(IBEC-CERCA, BIST, CIBER-BBN) i\u00a0Mavi\u00a0Sanchez-Vives (IDIBAPS) ha estat publicat recentment en la revista\u00a0<\/span>Advanced Science<\/span><\/i><\/a>. Els resultats mostren que aquesta nova mol\u00e8cula colin\u00e8rgica, denominada PAI (de\u00a0Phthalimide-Azo-Iper) pot controlar especifica i localment els receptors\u00a0muscarinics\u00a0colin\u00e8rgics, \u00e9s a dir, els receptors d’acetilcolina, un neurotransmissor cerebral rellevant en nombrosos processos com l’aprenentatge, l’atenci\u00f3 o la mem\u00f2ria.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Control de transicions d’estats cerebrals amb llum<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Les transicions entre estats cerebrals, com pot ser passar d’estar adormit a despert, o despertar d’un estat de coma, es basen en la transmissi\u00f3 de senyals qu\u00edmics i el\u00e8ctrics entre grups de neurones involucrades en diferents funcions. Les t\u00e8cniques actuals per a modular l’activitat neuronal, com l’estimulaci\u00f3 magn\u00e8tica\u00a0transcraneal\u00a0o per ultrasons, tenen una baixa precisi\u00f3\u00a0espaciotemporal\u00a0i un baix espectre d’acci\u00f3. Una t\u00e8cnica d’alta precisi\u00f3 que tamb\u00e9 utilitza la llum per a controlar les neurones \u00e9s\u00a0l\u2019optogen\u00e9tica, per\u00f2 dep\u00e8n de la manipulaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica, dificultant la seva utilitzaci\u00f3 en \u00e9ssers humans per raons de seguretat.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ara, els investigadors han aplicat\u00a0fotofarmacolog\u00eda\u00a0per a abordar aquests problemes.\u00a0Van usar una nova mol\u00e8cula pr\u00e8viament desenvolupada\u00a0a l\u2019IBEC,\u00a0PAI, que respon a la llum i permet una modulaci\u00f3\u00a0espaciotemporal\u00a0controlada de les neurones cerebrals, unint-se i controlant l’activitat dels receptors colin\u00e8rgics muscar\u00ednics, clau en la interacci\u00f3 i comunicaci\u00f3 neuronal. Mitjan\u00e7ant l’\u00fas d’aquest enfocament, les transicions d’estats cerebrals dependents d’innervaci\u00f3 colin\u00e8rgica\u00a0es\u00a0podr\u00eden\u00a0controlar mitjan\u00e7ant llum utilitzant\u00a0f\u00e0rmacs\u00a0quimicament\u00a0disenyats\u00a0per ser\u00a0fotosensibles.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEl control de l’activitat neuronal en el cervell \u00e9s clau per\u00a0realitzar recerca\u00a0tant b\u00e0sica\u00a0com aplicada, i per a desenvolupar t\u00e8cniques segures i precises per a dur a terme intervencions cerebrals terap\u00e8utiques en neurologia cl\u00ednica\u201d\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Dr. Fabio\u00a0Riefolo\u00a0(IBEC),\u00a0co-primer autor de l’estudi.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Canvis en els estats cerebrals<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Els diferents estats cerebrals i les transicions entre ells estan associats amb la funci\u00f3 cerebral. Estan estretament vinculats a canvis en els patrons d’activaci\u00f3 cerebral, que\u00a0a la vegada\u00a0reflecteixen l’activitat i els par\u00e0metres de xarxes neuronals espec\u00edfiques. Aix\u00ed, la manipulaci\u00f3 de les neurones amb precisi\u00f3\u00a0espaciotemporal\u00a0\u00e9s fonamental per a determinar la relaci\u00f3 entre els estats cerebrals i el comportament i per a estudiar la influ\u00e8ncia dels circuits neuronals en comportaments espec\u00edfics. A m\u00e9s,\u00a0la\u00a0PAI \u00e9s farmacol\u00f2gicament espec\u00edfica\u00a0per a un subtipus de receptor\u00a0muscar\u00ednico, el M2, la qual\u00a0cosa ofereix interessants perspectives per a estudiar la farmacologia de les ones cerebrals.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

En il\u00b7luminar amb llum blanca el cervell\u00a0intacte\u00a0i tractat pr\u00e8viament amb PAI, els investigadors van poder modular les oscil\u00b7lacions lentes espont\u00e0nies en els circuits neuronals i manipular\u00a0reversiblement\u00a0la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia d’oscil\u00b7laci\u00f3 del cervell. Aquesta nova eina d\u2019enginyeria qu\u00edmica\u00a0ha perm\u00e8s induir i investigar detalladament, de manera controlada i no invasiva, les transicions cerebrals del somni cap a l’estat de vig\u00edlia utilitzant il\u00b7luminaci\u00f3 directa.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>En el nostre cervell, l’activitat electroqu\u00edmica de les neurones \u00e9s impulsada per mol\u00e8cules conegudes com\u00a0a\u00a0neuromoduladors, com per exemple l’acetilcolina (ACh), a trav\u00e9s de la seva uni\u00f3 a receptors colin\u00e8rgics. No obstant aix\u00f2, no se sap exactament quina \u00e9s la contribuci\u00f3 de les diferents c\u00e8l\u00b7lules que expressen els receptors\u00a0ACh\u00a0en el comportament cerebral global. L’\u00fas de f\u00e0rmacs colin\u00e8rgics selectius i\u00a0fotomodulables\u00a0com PAI per a aconseguir una modulaci\u00f3 molt precisa de l’activitat cerebral, obre el cam\u00ed per a la realitzaci\u00f3 de recerques\u00a0neurocient\u00edfiques\u00a0b\u00e0siques de manera precisa i per a desenvolupar estimulacions cerebrals i futures ter\u00e0pies.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEl\u00a0fotocontrol\u00a0dels receptors end\u00f2gens i les seves funcions en el sistema nervi\u00f3s central, com la transici\u00f3 entre diferents estats cerebrals, \u00e9s un gran assoliment de les tecnologies de\u00a0neuromodulaci\u00f3n\u201d.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0Dra. Almudena Barbero-Castillo (IDIBAPS),\u00a0co-primera autora de l’estudi.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Article\u00a0de refer\u00e8ncia:\u00a0<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Almudena Barbero-Castillo, Fabio\u00a0Riefolo, Carlo\u00a0Matera, Sara\u00a0Caldas-Mart\u00ednez, Pedro Mateos-Aparicio, Julia F.\u00a0Weinert, Aida Garrido-Charles, Enrique\u00a0Claro, Maria V.\u00a0Sanchez-Vives, Pau\u00a0Gorostiza.\u00a0<\/span>Control of Brain State Transitions with a Photoswitchable Muscarinic Agonist.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(2021).\u00a0Advanced\u00a0Science.\u00a0May 21; e2005027<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Dr. F.\u00a0Riefolo, Dr. C.\u00a0Matera, Dr. A. Garrido-Charles, Prof. P.\u00a0Gorostiza\u00a0s\u00f3n membres\u00a0del\u00a0\u201cCentro de\u00a0Redes\u00a0de\u00a0Investigaci\u00f3n\u00a0Biom\u00e9dica\u00a0en\u00a0Bioingenier\u00eda,\u00a0Biomateriales\u00a0y\u00a0Nanomedicina\u00a0(CIBER-BBN)\u201d.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sobre l’IBEC:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L’Institut per a la Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) \u00e9s un centre CERCA, reconegut dues vegades com a Centre d’Excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia Severo Ochoa, i amb el segell TECNIO,\u00a0com a desenvolupador de tecnologia i facilitador a les empreses. L’IBEC \u00e9s membre de l’Institut de Ci\u00e8ncia i Tecnologia de Barcelona (BIST) i realitza una recerca multidisciplin\u00e0ria d’excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia a la frontera entre l’enginyeria i les ci\u00e8ncies de la vida per a generar coneixement, integrant camps com la\u00a0nanomedicina, la biof\u00edsica, la biotecnologia, l’enginyeria de teixits i les aplicacions de les tecnologies de la informaci\u00f3 en el camp de la salut. L’IBEC va ser creat en 2005 per la Generalitat de Catalunya, la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) i la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sobre l\u2019 IDIBAPS:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

L’Institut d’Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS) \u00e9s un centre CERCA per a la recerca b\u00e0sica,\u00a0translacional\u00a0i cl\u00ednica. Fundat el 1996, \u00e9s un consorci format per l’Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona, la Universitat de Barcelona, la Generalitat de Catalunya i el Consell Superior d’Investigaci\u00f3 Cient\u00edfica, en una recerca cont\u00ednua del coneixement de la malaltia i el seu tractament. Una de les \u00e0rees d’investigaci\u00f3\u00a0de l\u2019IDIBAPS \u00e9s Neuroci\u00e8ncies\u00a0Cl\u00ednices\u00a0i Experimentals,\u00a0de la\u00a0que forma part\u00a0el\u00a0grup de Neuroci\u00e8ncies de Sistemes, participant en\u00a0aquest\u00a0l’estudi.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un estudi dirigit per investigadors de l\u2019IBEC i de l\u2019IDIBAPS aconsegueixen, per primera vegada, controlar les transicions de l’estat cerebral utilitzant una mol\u00e8cula sensible a la llum, anomenada PAI.\u00a0Els resultats no nom\u00e9s obren el cam\u00ed per actuar sobre l’activitat dels patrons cerebrals i entendre la seva connexi\u00f3 amb la cognici\u00f3 i el comportament, sin\u00f3 que tamb\u00e9 podrien conduir al desenvolupament de medicaments\u00a0fotomodulats\u00a0per al tractament de lesions cerebrals o malalties com la depressi\u00f3, els trastorns bipolars o les malalties de\u00a0Parkinson\u00a0o Alzheimer.\u00a0<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":85169,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[236,1150],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-85168","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-activacio-per-llum","tag-pau-gorostiza-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nControlen les oscil\u00b7lacions cerebrals amb llum\u00a0 - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/controlen-les-oscil\u00b7lacions-cerebrals-amb-llum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Controlen les oscil\u00b7lacions cerebrals 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