{"id":86253,"date":"2021-07-20T12:28:25","date_gmt":"2021-07-20T10:28:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=86253"},"modified":"2021-07-20T14:05:20","modified_gmt":"2021-07-20T12:05:20","slug":"descobreixen-com-es-transmet-lelectricitat-dins-dels-bacteris-cable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/descobreixen-com-es-transmet-lelectricitat-dins-dels-bacteris-cable\/","title":{"rendered":"Descobreixen com es transmet l’electricitat dins dels bacteris-cable"},"content":{"rendered":"

La troballa, publicada<\/span>\u00a0en la revista\u00a0<\/span>Nature<\/span>\u00a0Communications<\/span><\/span>, obre les portes a entendre el secrets d’aquests bacteris, capa\u00e7os de transformar energia qu\u00edmica en el\u00e8ctrica en \u201ccel\u00b7les de combustible microbianes\u201d i que tenen un important paper en el manteniment de l’ecosistema mar\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
\"\"
Figura: Imatge de microsc\u00f2pia de for\u00e7a at\u00f2mica de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de bacteris-cable amb els cables proteics en l’embolcall cel\u00b7lular que van cont\u00ednuament de c\u00e8l\u00b7lula a la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula (Imatge: M. Checa).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En 2010, els cient\u00edfics van observar misteriosos corrents el\u00e8ctrics en el fons mar\u00ed. Despr\u00e9s d’examinar mostres de sediments, es va revelar que s’originaven per bacteris filamentosos anomenats bacteris-cable. Es tracta de llargues cadenes formades per c\u00e8l\u00b7lules apilades una damunt de l’altra, arribant a tenir m\u00e9s de 10.000 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules. Els bacteris-cable contenen estructures similars a cables que passen d’una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula a una altra connectant ininterrompudament tot el filament i que tenen la capacitat \u00fanica de transportar corrents el\u00e8ctrics a dist\u00e0ncies d’un cent\u00edmetre de llarg. Els bacteris-cable participen en el control de l’eutrofitzaci\u00f3 (l’enriquiment excessiu en nutrients) de l’aigua i redueixen la producci\u00f3 de met\u00e0 (un dels gasos de l’efecte d’hivernacle). A m\u00e9s, s’associen a altres bacteris per a convertir energia qu\u00edmica dels fons dels oceans en energia el\u00e8ctrica.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La disponibilitat d’organismes amb propietats el\u00e8ctriques tan interessants com els bacteris-cable t\u00e9 un gran potencial per a noves aplicacions en\u00a0bioelectr\u00f2nica. No obstant aix\u00f2, fins ara no\u00a0es coneixia ni l’estructura ni el mecanisme de transport d’electrons que utilitzaven aquests microorganismes. Ara, un equip internacional d’investigadors ha realitzat un descobriment\u00a0pioner\u00a0que explica moltes d’aquestes inc\u00f2gnites. Utilitzant una combinaci\u00f3 de\u00a0microscopia\u00a0d’alta resoluci\u00f3,\u00a0espectroscopia\u00a0i imatges qu\u00edmiques, han identificat que el n\u00edquel \u00e9s el metall actiu que permet la conductivitat en aquests “cables vius”.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9s la primera vegada que es descriu un mecanisme basat en n\u00edquel i estructures proteiques per al transport d’electrons a llarg\u00a0<\/span>recorregut.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gabriel\u00a0<\/span>Gomila<\/span>, cap de grup en IBEC i professor de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB)<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

El treball, publicat en la prestigiosa revista\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Nature<\/span>\u00a0Communications<\/span><\/span><\/a>, ha estat dirigit pels Drs. H.S.T.\u00a0<\/span>Boschker<\/span>\u00a0(<\/span>Delft<\/span>\u00a0University of Technology) i F. J. R.\u00a0<\/span>Meysman<\/span>\u00a0(University of\u00a0<\/span>Antwerp<\/span>), juntament amb cient\u00edfics d’altres 17 centres, incloent investigadors de l’IBEC liderats pel professor de la UB Gabriel\u00a0<\/span>Gomila<\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cables a\u00efllants fets de prote\u00efnes<\/span>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Els bacteris-cable pertanyen a la fam\u00edlia\u00a0<\/span>Desulfobulbaceae<\/span><\/i>, i malgrat ser el focus d’intenses recerques, encara existeixen diverses inc\u00f2gnites al seu respecte. Moltes de les t\u00e8cniques tradicionals utilitzades amb altres bacteris no s\u00f3n compatibles amb els bacteris-cable degut al seu complex metabolisme i estil de vida, que dificulten el cultiu en laboratori i la recol\u00b7lecci\u00f3 de biomassa.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ara, els investigadors han superat aquests obstacles combinant t\u00e8cniques d’avantguarda i han aconseguit obtenir una visi\u00f3 m\u00e9s detallada i clara que mai dels bacteris-cable i de les seves peculiars fibres conductores. Els resultats van revelar que les fibres tenen un nucli proteic ric en n\u00edquel (27% de l’\u00e0rea d’una secci\u00f3 transversal) que canalitza el corrent el\u00e8ctric, mentre que la capa exterior, a\u00efllant i deficient en n\u00edquel, est\u00e0 composta per prote\u00efnes. Han observat que l’estructura d’aquestes fibres \u00e9s similar a la de cables el\u00e8ctrics dom\u00e8stics.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Els investigadors van demostrar,\u00a0a m\u00e9s,\u00a0el paper fonamental del n\u00edquel en la conducci\u00f3 de l’electricitat oxidant-lo o eliminant-lo selectivament d’algunes\u00a0mostres. Quan ho van fer, la conductivitat de les fibres va disminuir dr\u00e0sticament.\u00a0<\/span>Els nous resultats d’aquest treball amplien\u00a0l’escala de longitud coneguda de conducci\u00f3 d’electricitat a trav\u00e9s d’estructures proteiques,\u00a0de micr\u00f2metres a cent\u00edmetres.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Malgrat que encara quedi molt per descobrir sobre els bacteris-cable, com les bases\u00a0gen\u00e8tiques i moleculars d’un transport d’electrons de llarg\u00a0recorregut\u00a0tan eficient, aquest estudi obre les portes a altres descobriments sobre aquests enigm\u00e0tics organismes. Una vegada tinguem una millor comprensi\u00f3 de com exactament aprofiten l’electricitat, algun dia podrien usar-se per a augmentar l’efici\u00e8ncia de les cel\u00b7les de combustible microbianes i fins i tot per a ajudar a netejar els vessaments de petroli dels oceans, entre altres possibles aplicacions.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Henricus\u00a0T. S.\u00a0Boschker\u00a0et al.\u00a0<\/span>Efficient long-range conduction in cable bacteria through nickel protein wires<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span>Nat Communications<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>12,\u00a0<\/span><\/b>3996 (2021).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un estudi internacional en el qual han participat investigadors de l’IBEC, ha determinat que el n\u00edquel \u00e9s l’element conductor clau en el transport d’electricitat en els bacteris-cable. Es tracta d’un nou mecanisme de transport d’electrons a llarg recorregut fins ara desconegut.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":86265,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1114],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-86253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-gabriel-gomila-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nDescobreixen com es transmet l'electricitat dins dels bacteris-cable - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/descobreixen-com-es-transmet-lelectricitat-dins-dels-bacteris-cable\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Descobreixen com es transmet l'electricitat dins dels bacteris-cable - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un estudi internacional en el qual han participat investigadors de l'IBEC, ha determinat que el n\u00edquel \u00e9s l'element conductor clau en el transport d'electricitat en els bacteris-cable. 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