{"id":94203,"date":"2022-05-20T13:21:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-20T11:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/testweb.ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=94203"},"modified":"2022-09-15T13:01:21","modified_gmt":"2022-09-15T11:01:21","slug":"el-primer-farmac-controlat-per-llum-que-podria-millorar-laudicio-de-les-persones-amb-implants-coclears","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/el-primer-farmac-controlat-per-llum-que-podria-millorar-laudicio-de-les-persones-amb-implants-coclears\/","title":{"rendered":"El primer f\u00e0rmac controlat per llum que podria millorar l’audici\u00f3 de les persones amb implants coclears"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Investigadors de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), i del Centre M\u00e8dic Universitari de G\u00f6ttingen a Alemanya han aconseguit, per primera vegada, l’estimulaci\u00f3 auditiva in vivo <\/em>activada per llum sense necessitat de manipulaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica. Aquest nou f\u00e0rmac controlat per llum i capa\u00e7 d’activar les vies neuronals implicades en l’audici\u00f3, pot contribuir a millorar la resoluci\u00f3 espectral dels implants coclears utilitzats per persones amb p\u00e8rdua auditiva profunda o sordesa.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Actualment, prop d’1 mili\u00f3 de persones a tot el m\u00f3n utilitzen un implant coclear, un dispositiu implantat quir\u00fargicament que restaura la percepci\u00f3 del so en cas de p\u00e8rdua auditiva profunda o sordesa. Els micr\u00f2fons en l’exterior del dispositiu converteixen el so en senyals el\u00e8ctrics que despr\u00e9s estimulen directament el nervi auditiu en la c\u00f2clea, l’estructura de l’o\u00efda interna involucrada en l’audici\u00f3 (transforma els sons en missatges nerviosos i els envia al cervell).<\/p>\n\n\n

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Image by Maria Zerche<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Encara que els implants coclears han tingut molt d’\u00e8xit en la recuperaci\u00f3 de la comprensi\u00f3 de la parla quan hi ha silenci, a causa de la limitaci\u00f3 de la seva resoluci\u00f3 espectral, els usuaris tenen dificultats per a seguir converses quan hi ha molt de soroll de fons i tenen limitada l’apreciaci\u00f3 musical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ara, una publicaci\u00f3 recent en el prestigi\u00f3s Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS)<\/a> avan\u00e7a cap a una nova generaci\u00f3 d’implants coclears que podrien superar aquestes limitacions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investigadors de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb el Cluster of Excellence \u201cMultiscale Bioimaging: From Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells\u201d (MBExC)<\/a> en la University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen (UMG)<\/a>, Alemania, el CIBER-BBN<\/a> i el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas – Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC)<\/a>, han desenvolupat, per primera vegada, un agent farmacol\u00f2gic controlat per llum (fotof\u00e0rmac) capa\u00e7 de fotoactivar les neurones auditives en jerbus adults (uns petits rosegadors) que podria contribuir a millorar la resoluci\u00f3 espectral dels implants coclears.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’estudi ha estat liderat per Pau Gorostiza<\/a>, professor d’investigaci\u00f3 ICREA a l’IBEC i l\u00edder del grup \u201cNanoprobes and nanoswitches<\/a>\u201d, i Tobias Moser, director de l’Institut de Neuroci\u00e8ncia Auditiva en el UMG<\/a> i portaveu del MBExC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Millor audici\u00f3 en situacions complexes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per a desenvolupar aquest f\u00e0rmac controlat per llum, els investigadors van treballar en conjunt amb experts en optogen\u00e8tica de l’Institut de Neuroci\u00e8ncia Auditiva. Aquesta t\u00e8cnica utilitza la manipulaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica per a controlar les neurones amb llum i acoblar la seva activitat a un implant coclear emissor de llum. \u201cEl grup de Tobias Moser ha estat pioner en la recerca en aquesta \u00e0rea i ha restaurat amb \u00e8xit l’audici\u00f3 amb llum mitjan\u00e7ant la modificaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica de les neurones del gangli espiral\u201d, explica Gorostiza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00c9s aquest estudi, hem aconseguit desenvolupar una ruta alternativa per a acoblar la llum i l’activitat el\u00e8ctrica en les neurones que no involucra manipulaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica. Hem desenvolupat un compost que s’uneix qu\u00edmicament a una prote\u00efna neuroreceptora com una ‘pr\u00f2tesi molecular’ i activa les neurones quan s’il\u00b7lumina\u201d, comenta Carlo Matera, coautor principal que va sintetitzar aquesta mol\u00e8cula en l’IBEC i que actualment es troba en la Universitat de Mil\u00e0. \u201cTenir m\u00faltiples rutes disponibles per a l’\u00fas de l’implant coclear \u00f2ptic brindar\u00e0 acc\u00e9s a aquesta tecnologia a una gamma m\u00e9s \u00e0mplia d’usuaris potencials\u201d, afegeix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El control neuronal activat per la llum supera algunes de les defici\u00e8ncies dels implants coclears alimentats per estimulaci\u00f3 el\u00e8ctrica. \u201cLa ra\u00f3 principal per la qual els usuaris d’implants batallen per percebre la m\u00fasica i la parla en ambients sorollosos \u00e9s que la c\u00f2clea est\u00e0 plena de l\u00edquid. Quan uses electricitat per a estimular-ho, hi ha una gran propagaci\u00f3 de l’excitaci\u00f3\u201d, explica Antoine Huet, co-primer autor de l’estudi, investigador en UMG i becari j\u00fanior MBExC. \u201cAt\u00e8s que la llum es pot confinar millor en l\u00edquid, la nostra t\u00e8cnica pot estimular les neurones de la c\u00f2clea amb una precisi\u00f3 molt major\u201d, assenyala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aix\u00f2 significaria que els usuaris experimentarien una recuperaci\u00f3 de la \u00abaudici\u00f3 gaireb\u00e9 fisiol\u00f2gica\u00bb en aquestes situacions auditives complexes. \u201cQuan les persones amb els implants coclears actuals escolten m\u00fasica, el so es digitalitza i no es pot recon\u00e8ixer com a m\u00fasica tal com la coneixem\u201d, explica Huet. \u201cPer a l’apreciaci\u00f3 de m\u00fasica i les converses quan hi ha soroll de fons, la clau t\u00e8cnica \u00e9s tenir una excel\u00b7lent resoluci\u00f3 de freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia en el so, i aix\u00f2 no es pot aconseguir amb estimulaci\u00f3 el\u00e8ctrica\u201d, afegeix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Primer medicament d’aquest tipus<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els investigadors van dissenyar un compost que podria activar-se amb una sola longitud d’ona de llum blava. \u201cUna vegada que provem i caracteritzem el compost in vitro en neurones de l’hipocamp, realitzem experiments in vivo en jerbus, uns petits rosegadors saltadors\u201d, explica Aida Garrido-Charles, investigadora de l’IBEC i del UMG i coautora de l’estudi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En estudis futurs, els equips de recerca realitzaran millores addicionals al f\u00e0rmac i avaluaran en quina mesura restaura l’audici\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00abVam poder verificar que el nostre f\u00e0rmac activat per la llum havia indu\u00eft una resposta electrof\u00edsica en la c\u00f2clea – la primera vegada que s’ha fet aix\u00f2 utilitzant una ruta farmacol\u00f2gica\u00bb, afegeix Garrido-Charles<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u00abLa nostra predicci\u00f3 per ordinador i els experiments preliminars ens mostren que escoltar la llum t\u00e9 el potencial de restaurar l’audici\u00f3 gaireb\u00e9 fisiol\u00f2gica; malgrat que encara queden diverses fites per complir abans que pugui iniciar-se el primer assaig en humans\u00bb, conclou Huet.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia:<\/strong> Aida Garrido-Charles, Antoine Huet, Carlo Matera, Anupriya Thirumalai, Amadeu Llebaria, Tobias Moser, Pau Gorostiza. Fast photoswitchable molecular prosthetics control neuronal activity in the cochlea. Journal of the American Chemical Society (2022), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.1c12314<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Investigadors de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), i del Centre M\u00e8dic Universitari de G\u00f6ttingen a Alemanya han aconseguit, per primera vegada, l’estimulaci\u00f3 auditiva in vivo <\/i>activada per llum sense necessitat de manipulaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica. Aquest nou f\u00e0rmac controlat per llum i capa\u00e7 d’activar les vies neuronals implicades en l’audici\u00f3, pot contribuir a millorar la resoluci\u00f3 espectral dels implants coclears utilitzats per persones amb p\u00e8rdua auditiva profunda o sordesa.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":94201,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1150],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-94203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-pau-gorostiza-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nEl primer f\u00e0rmac controlat per llum que podria millorar l'audici\u00f3 de les persones amb implants coclears - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/el-primer-farmac-controlat-per-llum-que-podria-millorar-laudicio-de-les-persones-amb-implants-coclears\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El primer f\u00e0rmac controlat per llum que podria millorar l'audici\u00f3 de les persones amb implants coclears - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Investigadors de l'Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), i del Centre M\u00e8dic Universitari de G\u00f6ttingen a Alemanya han aconseguit, per primera vegada, l'estimulaci\u00f3 auditiva in vivo activada per llum sense necessitat de manipulaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica. 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