{"id":94927,"date":"2022-06-02T16:28:05","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T14:28:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/mechanical-signals-involved-in-the-early-development-of-the-mouse-cerebral-cortex-described-for-the-first-time\/"},"modified":"2022-07-15T18:50:08","modified_gmt":"2022-07-15T16:50:08","slug":"mechanical-signals-involved-in-the-early-development-of-the-mouse-cerebral-cortex-described-for-the-first-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/mechanical-signals-involved-in-the-early-development-of-the-mouse-cerebral-cortex\/","title":{"rendered":"Descrits per primera vegada els senyals mec\u00e0nics implicats en el desenvolupament primerenc del c\u00f2rtex del ratol\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

La formaci\u00f3 del cervell \u00e9s un proc\u00e9s llarg i complex que comen\u00e7a en les primeres fases del desenvolupament embrionari. Entre les parts que es formen, es troba el c\u00f2rtex o escor\u00e7a cerebral, implicada en activitats tan rellevants com la motora, la sensorial i la visual, i en funcions superiors com la imaginaci\u00f3 i el pensament.<\/p>\n

\"\"Si b\u00e9 varis dels senyals qu\u00edmics que promouen el desenvolupament del c\u00f2rtex han estat definits en els \u00faltims anys, el paper que juguen els senyals mec\u00e0nics i les forces de tracci\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular presents en aquest proc\u00e9s ha rom\u00e0s, fins ara, desconegut. Per primera vegada, un equip cient\u00edfic liderat per l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) descriu el rol dels senyals mec\u00e0nics en el desenvolupament cortical en un tipus concret de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules, les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de Cajal-Retzius.<\/p>\n

Les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de Cajal-Retzius, descobertes per Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal i Gustaf Retzius en 1890 i 1892, respectivament, s\u00f3n les primeres neurones que s’originen en l’escor\u00e7a cerebral embrion\u00e0ria. En ratolins, aquestes c\u00e8l\u00b7lules es generen entre els dies vuit i tretze del desenvolupament embrionari en quatre \u00e0rees proliferatives del cervell localitzades fora de l’escor\u00e7a cerebral. A partir d’aquestes regions, els diferents grups de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de Cajal-Retizus migren tangencialment de forma molt r\u00e0pida per a situar-se en una zona superficial de l’escor\u00e7a denominada preplaca cortical.<\/p>\n

Amb aquesta migraci\u00f3 coordinada, les neurones de Cajal-Retzius promouen la posterior formaci\u00f3 de les capes de l’escor\u00e7a cerebral tal com les podem observar en l’edat adulta. D’acord amb els resultats de l’estudi, l’acci\u00f3 coordinada dels senyals qu\u00edmics i mec\u00e0nics presents en la matriu extracelul\u00b7lar de la capa superficial de l’escor\u00e7a (tamb\u00e9 denominada zona marginal o capa I) guia la migraci\u00f3 i la distribuci\u00f3 de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de Cajal-Retzius en l’escor\u00e7a en desenvolupament.<\/p>\n

Neurobiotecnolog\u00eda per a entendre el desenvolupament cortical primerenc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Per a con\u00e8ixer els diferents senyals mec\u00e0nics que guien la migraci\u00f3 de les neurones pioneres, l’equip liderat per Jos\u00e9 Antonio del R\u00edo, investigador principal del grup de Neurobiotecnologia Molecular i Cel\u00b7lular de l’IBEC, va dur a terme diverses aproximacions experimentals.<\/p>\n

\u201cEn la hip\u00f2tesi de partida pensem que les possibles difer\u00e8ncies en la rigidesa de la matriu extracelul\u00b7lar entre diferents regions podien ser un factor a tenir en compte en analitzar la migraci\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular. Per aix\u00f2, decidim observar mitjan\u00e7ant microsc\u00f2pia de forces at\u00f2miques els canvis de rigidesa regionals i mimetitzar les difer\u00e8ncies en cultius emprant bastides tridimensionals\u201d, afirma del R\u00edo, qui tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s Catedr\u00e0tic de Biologia Cel\u00b7lular de la Facultat de Biologia de la Universitat de Barcelona, membre de l’Institut de Neuroci\u00e8ncies de la mateixa Universitat (UBNeuro) i de Ciberned. Aix\u00ed, l’equip va posar a punt fins a vuit tipus de cultiu diferents. \u201cDespr\u00e9s conreem en aquestes bastides c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de Cajal-Retzius generades en les diferents regions i analitzem el seu comportament\u201d.<\/p>\n

Per\u00f2, com detecten les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de Cajal-Retzius les difer\u00e8ncies de rigidesa de la matriu extracelul\u00b7lar? \u201cLa resposta podria estar lligada a l’exist\u00e8ncia de canals i\u00f2nics implicats en mecanotransducci\u00f3 en aquest tipus cel\u00b7lular\u201d, comenta del R\u00edo. \u201cPer a avaluar-lo, desenvolupem un experiment de p\u00e8rdua de funci\u00f3 utilitzant un ver\u00ed d’aranya que inhibeix els canals mecanosensibles cati\u00f2nics. De manera que les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de Cajal-Retzius eren capaces de \u201csentir\u201d canvis de rigidesa extracelul\u00b7lar. A m\u00e9s, vam poder comprovar que diferents grups de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de Cajal-Retzius presenten difer\u00e8ncies intr\u00ednseques en la capacitat d’exercir forces mec\u00e0niques sobre el substrat.\u201d<\/p>\n

Gr\u00e0cies a aquests experiments, l’equip investigador ha pogut concloure que les capacitats m\u00f2bils de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de Cajal-Retzius i la seva distribuci\u00f3 en l’escor\u00e7a cerebral tamb\u00e9 estan modulades per les propietats mec\u00e0niques espec\u00edfiques de les pr\u00f2pies c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de Cajal-Retzius depenent de la seva zona d’origen i de la rigidesa diferencial de les rutes migrat\u00f2ries que segueixen els diferents grups de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de Cajal-Retzius.<\/p>\n

La import\u00e0ncia de la mecanobiolog\u00eda en la neurobiologia del desenvolupament<\/strong><\/p>\n

En humans, una mala funci\u00f3 o migraci\u00f3 de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de Cajal-Retzius pot donar lloc a lissencef\u00e0lies, malalties que es manifesten per l’abs\u00e8ncia de plecs en l’escor\u00e7a cerebral i l’esperan\u00e7a de vida de la qual, lamentablement, \u00e9s de pocs anys.<\/p>\n

“Pel seu elevat impacte, pensem que la mecanobiolog\u00eda adquirir\u00e0 cada vegada m\u00e9s rellev\u00e0ncia, no sols en l’estudi i comprensi\u00f3 del desenvolupament de teixits i \u00f2rgans (entre ells el cervell), sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 per a entendre els processos responsables de malformaci\u00f3 tissular. Tota aquesta informaci\u00f3 ser\u00e0 de gran utilitat en la prevenci\u00f3 de malalties en diversos \u00f2rgans i teixits, com les lissencef\u00e0lies\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Jos\u00e9 Antonio del R\u00edo<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia:<\/strong> L\u00f3pez-Mengual, Ana; Segura-Feliu, Miriam; Sunyer, Raimon; Sanz-Fraile, H\u00e9ctor; Otero, Jorge; Mesquida-Veny, Francina; et al. (2022): Involvement of Mechanical Cues in the Migration of Cajal-Retzius Cells in the Marginal Zone During Neocortical Development. Frontiers. Collection. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.886110<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un equip cient\u00edfic coordinat per Jos\u00e9 Antonio del R\u00edo de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) ha observat els senyals mec\u00e0nics i les forces de tracci\u00f3 involucrades en la migraci\u00f3 de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de Cajal-Retzius, un grup de neurones amb un important paper en el desenvolupament de l’escor\u00e7a cerebral. L’estudi, realitzat en ratolins, es publica en la revista Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.<\/H3><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":72062,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[1720,1721,1132],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-94927","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-news","tag-brain-ca","tag-cellules-cajal-retzius","tag-jose-antonio-del-rio-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nDescrits per primera vegada els senyals mec\u00e0nics implicats en el desenvolupament primerenc del c\u00f2rtex del ratol\u00ed - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/mechanical-signals-involved-in-the-early-development-of-the-mouse-cerebral-cortex\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Descrits per primera vegada els senyals mec\u00e0nics implicats en el desenvolupament primerenc del c\u00f2rtex del ratol\u00ed - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un equip cient\u00edfic coordinat per Jos\u00e9 Antonio del R\u00edo de l'Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) ha observat els senyals mec\u00e0nics i les forces de tracci\u00f3 involucrades en la migraci\u00f3 de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de Cajal-Retzius, un grup de neurones amb un important paper en el desenvolupament de l'escor\u00e7a cerebral. 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