{"id":94934,"date":"2022-06-15T12:55:08","date_gmt":"2022-06-15T10:55:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/one-step-closer-to-self-dividing-synthetic-cells\/"},"modified":"2023-03-28T17:28:52","modified_gmt":"2023-03-28T15:28:52","slug":"one-step-closer-to-self-dividing-synthetic-cells","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/one-step-closer-to-self-dividing-synthetic-cells\/","title":{"rendered":"Un pas m\u00e9s a prop de l’autodivisi\u00f3 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques"},"content":{"rendered":"

La divisi\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular \u00e9s un segell distintiu de la vida i \u00e9s essencial per al creixement, reproducci\u00f3 i reparaci\u00f3 d’un<\/span> organisme. \u00c9s un proc\u00e9s molt complex impulsat per un c\u00f2ctel prec\u00eds de components. Desentranyar els secrets d’aquest fenomen i replicar-lo podria obrir una gran quantitat de possibles aplicacions biom\u00e8diques. Aquest \u00e9s un dels objectius finals de la biologia sint\u00e8tica ascendent, un camp que t\u00e9 com a objectiu dissenyar i crear c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques que imitin la natura. Encara passar\u00e0 temps abans que tinguem c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques completament funcionals, per\u00f2 un nou estudi dirigit per investigadors de l’IBEC ens ha acostat un pas m\u00e9s cap a aquest <\/span>prop\u00f2sit<\/span>. L’article, publicat a la revista cient\u00edfica <\/span><\/span>Advanced Materials<\/span><\/span><\/em>,<\/em> descriu la integraci\u00f3 de la maquin\u00e0ria de divisi\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular en c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques, un gran aven\u00e7 al camp.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"L’estudi va ser codirigit per <\/span><\/span>C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez-Emmenegger<\/span><\/span><\/a>, l\u00edder del grup de <\/span><\/span>Materials Interactius Bioinspirats i Sistemes Protocel\u00b7lulars<\/span><\/span><\/a> de l’IBEC, i professor de recerca ICREA. Altres investigadors de l’IBEC que van contribuir al treball inclouen <\/span><\/span>Marina I. Giannotti<\/span><\/span><\/a> i Ricardo A. Zamora, tots dos del grup <\/span><\/span>Nanoprobes and Nanoswitches<\/span><\/span><\/a>. L’estudi es va dur a terme en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb investigadors de l’<\/span><\/span>Institut DWI-Leibniz de Materials Interactius<\/span><\/span><\/a>, l’<\/span><\/span>Institut Max Planck de Bioqu\u00edmica<\/span><\/span><\/a> i el <\/span><\/span>Centre de Recerca Biom\u00e8dica en Xarxa \u2013 Bioenginyeria, Biomaterials i Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)<\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Replicant la divisi\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Als bacteris, l’autoreplicaci\u00f3 es duu a terme gr\u00e0cies a un sistema proteic molt complex anomenat divisoma. Crea un anell al voltant de la meitat de la cel\u00b7la, que despr\u00e9s es contrau i talla la cel\u00b7la en dues. Els investigadors han intentat imitar aquest proc\u00e9s en una varietat de sistemes, per\u00f2 nom\u00e9s han tingut \u00e8xit quan el sistema es va construir a partir de l\u00edpids, els components naturals que formen les membranes cel\u00b7lulars. Ara, per primer cop, aquest estudi ha aconseguit inserir amb \u00e8xit el divisoma en un material completament sint\u00e8tic.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Durant milions d’anys, l’evoluci\u00f3 ha creat membranes cel\u00b7lulars que compleixen els requisits per a la vida, per la qual cosa els investigadors van estudiar acuradament aquestes propietats per replicar-les a les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques. Van\u202fassemblar\u202fmol\u00e8cules anomenades\u202fdendr\u00edmers\u202fde Janus en una membrana sint\u00e8tica i la van ajustar delicadament fins que les seves propietats biof\u00edsiques fossin compatibles amb els processos cel\u00b7lulars naturals. Una d’aquestes propietats va ser l’amplada, ja que les prote\u00efnes del\u202fdivisoma\u202fno s’uniran si la membrana no t\u00e9 el gruix adequat. Una altra \u00e9s la c\u00e0rrega,\u202fpel fet que\u202fl’equilibri d’atracci\u00f3 i de repulsi\u00f3 entre les prote\u00efnes i la membrana \u00e9s crucial. Finalment, la membrana necessita ser altament m\u00f2bil, flexible i estable, perqu\u00e8 pugui suportar les forces que hi exerceixen les prote\u00efnes.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Quan van calibrar les propietats, van introduir el complex proteic divisoma per veure si seria compatible amb la seva membrana sint\u00e8tica. “El que observem va ser que, encara que les nostres mol\u00e8cules s\u00f3n completament diferents dels l\u00edpids, vam poder reproduir amb extrema precisi\u00f3 el comportament del divisoma i, per descomptat, aix\u00f2 \u00e9s un pas m\u00e9s a prop d’aconseguir l’autoreplicaci\u00f3 en una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula sint\u00e8tica”, diu C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez -Emenegger.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Aquest estudi ha demostrat que es poden dissenyar entitats sint\u00e8tiques per fer \u00fas dels mecanismes proporcionats per la natura. La integraci\u00f3 de la maquin\u00e0ria de divisi\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular \u00e9s nom\u00e9s el primer pas. Els investigadors confien que aix\u00f2 es podria convertir en una eina poderosa amb moltes aplicacions potencials. \u201cVam poder inserir la maquin\u00e0ria responsable de la divisi\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular ajustant la nostra membrana sint\u00e8tica. De la mateixa manera, en el futur haur\u00edem de poder incorporar qualsevol maquin\u00e0ria cel\u00b7lular activa amb els ajustaments adequats\u201d, apunta Anna Wagner, investigadora doctoral del grup de <\/span>Materials Interactius Bioinspirats i Sistemes Protocel\u00b7lulars<\/span><\/a> i primera autora de l’estudi.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Una nova via per millorar la medicina<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques podrien obrir una gran quantitat de possibilitats en biomedicina, ja que es poden ajustar per realitzar funcions que no poden realitzar les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules normals. Per exemple, una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula sint\u00e8tica podria dissenyar-se per imitar un macr\u00f2fag, un tipus de gl\u00f2bul blanc que engoleix pat\u00f2gens, i ajustar-se per actuar espec\u00edficament sobre c\u00e8l\u00b7lules canceroses, virus o bacteris, especialment aquelles que s\u00f3n resistents als medicaments disponibles actualment. Les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques tindrien l’avantatge de no tenir les necessitats biol\u00f2giques de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules vives i no presentarien els mateixos perills que certs f\u00e0rmacs.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cEl que m’emociona m\u00e9s d’aquesta feina no \u00e9s el que hem aconseguit, sin\u00f3 la perspectiva per al futur. Hem demostrat que som capa\u00e7os de copiar el model de la natura, i no hi ha millor enginyer que la natura\u201d, conclou Rodr\u00edguez-Emmenegger.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia<\/strong>: Anna M. Wagner, Hiromune Eto, Anton Joseph, Shunshi Kohyama, Tam\u00e1s Haraszti, Ricardo A. Zamora, Mariia Vorobii, Marina I. Giannotti, Petra Schwille, Cesar Rodriguez-Emmenegger. Dendrimersome synthetic cells harbor cell division machinery of bacteria<\/a>. Advanced Materials<\/em> (2022).  https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.202202364<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Per primera vegada, els investigadors han integrat maquin\u00e0ria de divisi\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular en c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques, aplanant el cam\u00ed cap a sistemes creats per l’home veritablement realistes. L’estudi, publicat a la revista cient\u00edfica Advanced Materials, va ser codirigit per l’investigador principal de l’IBEC, C\u00e9sar Rodr\u00edguez-Emmenegger. <\/H3><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":97458,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1993,1885],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-94934","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-bioinspired-interactive-materials-and-protocellular-systems-group-ca","tag-cesar-rodriguez-emmenegger-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nUn pas m\u00e9s a prop de l'autodivisi\u00f3 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/one-step-closer-to-self-dividing-synthetic-cells\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un pas m\u00e9s a prop de l'autodivisi\u00f3 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Per primera vegada, els investigadors han integrat maquin\u00e0ria de divisi\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular en c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sint\u00e8tiques, aplanant el cam\u00ed cap a sistemes creats per l'home veritablement realistes. 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