{"id":99493,"date":"2022-09-30T15:41:45","date_gmt":"2022-09-30T13:41:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=99493"},"modified":"2022-09-30T15:40:23","modified_gmt":"2022-09-30T13:40:23","slug":"trencant-larmadura-protectora-dels-bacteris-per-superar-la-resistencia-als-antibiotics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/trencant-larmadura-protectora-dels-bacteris-per-superar-la-resistencia-als-antibiotics\/","title":{"rendered":"Trencant l’armadura protectora dels bacteris per superar la resist\u00e8ncia als antibi\u00f2tics\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Un nou agent antibi\u00f2tic de triple acci\u00f3 ha aconseguit travessar la matriu extracel\u00b7lular del biofilm \u2013una estructura protectora constru\u00efda pels bacteris\u2013 i eliminar m\u00e9s del 50% dels pat\u00f2gens d’una sola vegada. L’estudi, publicat a la revista cient\u00edfica npj Biofilms and Microbiomes<\/em>, ha estat dirigit per Eduard Torrents, cap de grup de l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC) i de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB).<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Les infeccions pulmonars persistents, les ferides cr\u00f2niques i les infeccions associades a hospitalitzacions s\u00f3n molt m\u00e9s dif\u00edcils de tractar que altres tipus d’infeccions bacterianes. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s perqu\u00e8 sovint\u202fs\u00f3n causades\u202fper biofilms, \u00e9s a dir, col\u00f2nies de microorganismes, principalment bacteris, que creixen junts en una matriu que ells mateixos produeixen i que els protegeix i a\u00eflla de l’ambient extern.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Aquesta matriu extracel\u00b7lular agreuja la resist\u00e8ncia als antibi\u00f2tics -“una de les amenaces m\u00e9s grans per a la salut mundial”, segons l’Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut-, ja que fa que sigui fins a 1000 vegades m\u00e9s dif\u00edcil matar els bacteris de l’interior del biofilm. Les infeccions per biofilms s\u00f3n, per tant, el mecanisme inespec\u00edfic m\u00e9s important de resist\u00e8ncia als antimicrobians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Combinant un antibi\u00f2tic amb un parell d’agents que perforen el biofilm, constru\u00efm un f\u00e0rmac molt m\u00e9s potent que l’antibi\u00f2tic per si mateix, eliminant fins i tot els bacteris que viuen dins del biofilm”, explica  Eduard Torrents<\/a>, investigador principal d’aquest treball. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Atacar aquests microorganismes nom\u00e9s amb antibi\u00f2tics no \u00e9s suficient. Es necessiten eines que trenquin la matriu extracel\u00b7lular per accedir als bacteris de l’interior i eliminar-les. Un innovador estudi publicat a la revista cient\u00edfica npj Biofilms and Microbiomes<\/em>, i liderat per l’Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya (IBEC), ho ha aconseguit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Torrents dirigeix \u200b\u200bel grup Infeccions bacterianes: ter\u00e0pies antimicrobianes de l’IBEC <\/a>i \u00e9s professor associat de la Universitat de Barcelona<\/a>. N\u00faria Blanco-Cabra, primera autora de l’article cient\u00edfic, \u00e9s investigadora postdoctoral al grup de Torrents a la UB\/IBEC. La investigaci\u00f3 es va dur a terme en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb cient\u00edfics del CIDETEC<\/a> (Pa\u00eds Basc). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Combinaci\u00f3 de f\u00e0rmacs de triple acci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En aquest estudi, el bacteri investigat va ser Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em>. Aquest patogen sol cr\u00e9ixer en biofilms als pulmons de pacients amb fibrosi qu\u00edstica o malaltia pulmonar obstructiva cr\u00f2nica (MPOC), causant infeccions persistents. “Vam fer cultius de biofilms in vitro, utilitzant una t\u00e8cnica que s’assembla molt a la manera com existeixen i creixen a la natura”, va afegir Torrents. A la pr\u00e0ctica cl\u00ednica, aquestes infeccions solen tractar-se amb un antibi\u00f2tic anomenat tobramicina. No obstant aix\u00f2, la seva efic\u00e0cia es veu limitada per la seva incapacitat per penetrar al biofilm. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s\u202fdegut al fet que\u202fla tobramicina, que est\u00e0 carregada positivament, \u00e9s neutralitzada per la matriu extracel\u00b7lular, carregada negativament. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Tenint en compte aix\u00f2, els investigadors van carregar l’antibi\u00f2tic en portadors de nanopart\u00edcules amb c\u00e0rrega negativa. Aix\u00f2 va tenir l’efecte de neutralitzar la c\u00e0rrega positiva abans que el f\u00e0rmac arrib\u00e9s al biofilm, cosa que li va permetre trencar la matriu extracel\u00b7lular i matar els bacteris del seu interior. I el que \u00e9s m\u00e9s important, aquests portadors \u2013fabricats amb nanopart\u00edcules de cadena simple a base de dextr\u00e0\u2013 van ser capa\u00e7os de transportar fins al 40% del pes de l’antibi\u00f2tic. “Molts dels nanotransportadors estudiats anteriorment nom\u00e9s han pogut suportar una petita c\u00e0rrega del compost objectiu, cosa que n’ha impedit l’\u00fas cl\u00ednic. Nosaltres hem aconseguit superar aquest obstacle”, afirma Torrents. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Els nanotransportadors carregats d’antibi\u00f2tics tamb\u00e9 estaven recoberts d’un enzim anomenat DNasa I. Un dels “colas” que mant\u00e9 units els biofilms bacterians \u00e9s l’ADN estructural que es troba a la matriu extracel\u00b7lular. La DNasa I \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de trencar aquesta cola, fent que la matriu s’afluixi i permetent que l’antibi\u00f2tic penetri encara m\u00e9s al biofilm. En observar una s\u00e8rie d’imatges de microscopia al llarg d’un temps, els investigadors van poder comprovar que el seu agent no nom\u00e9s havia dissolt l’ADN estructural de la matriu extracel\u00b7lular, sin\u00f3 que tamb\u00e9 actuava sobre els bacteris de l’interior i els matava. Amb una sola aplicaci\u00f3, van reduir la biomassa bacteriana a m\u00e9s de la meitat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una nova esperan\u00e7a per a les infeccions “intractables”<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En haver aconseguit una eliminaci\u00f3 tan significativa del biofilm despr\u00e9s d’una sola dosi del nostre agent, vam predir que un curs complet d’antibi\u00f2tics podria reduir considerablement la c\u00e0rrega d’aquestes infeccions extremadament dif\u00edcils de tractar.<\/p>Eduard Torrents, IBEC<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

En un \u00fas cl\u00ednic futur, aquest agent s’administraria en m\u00faltiples dosis, com \u00e9s la pr\u00e0ctica habitual amb els antibi\u00f2tics. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

El pas seg\u00fcent \u00e9s treballar en la validaci\u00f3 cl\u00ednica d’aquest sistema. La seva comercialitzaci\u00f3 suposaria un aven\u00e7 decisiu en el tractament de les infeccions per biofilms, el cost econ\u00f2mic mundial dels quals ascendeix actualment a 4.000 milions de d\u00f2lars l’any. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Article de refer\u00e8ncia:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00faria Blanco-Cabra, Julie Movellan, Marco Marradi, Raquel Gracia, Cristian Salvador, Damien Dupin, Iraida Loinaz & Eduard Torrents. Neutralization of ionic interactions by dextran-based single-chain nanoparticles improves tobramycin diffusion into a mature biofilm<\/a>. npj Biofilms Microbiomes 8, 52 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41522-022-00317-9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un nou agent antibi\u00f2tic de triple acci\u00f3 ha aconseguit travessar la matriu extracel\u00b7lular del biofilm \u2013una estructura protectora constru\u00efda pels bacteris\u2013 i eliminar m\u00e9s del 50% dels pat\u00f2gens d’una sola … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":99476,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[1141],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-99493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies-de-recerca","tag-eduard-torrents-ca"],"yoast_head":"\nTrencant l'armadura protectora dels bacteris per superar la resist\u00e8ncia als antibi\u00f2tics\u00a0 - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/ca\/trencant-larmadura-protectora-dels-bacteris-per-superar-la-resistencia-als-antibiotics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Trencant l'armadura protectora dels bacteris per superar la resist\u00e8ncia als antibi\u00f2tics\u00a0 - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un nou agent antibi\u00f2tic de triple acci\u00f3 ha aconseguit travessar la matriu extracel\u00b7lular del biofilm \u2013una estructura protectora constru\u00efda pels bacteris\u2013 i eliminar m\u00e9s del 50% dels pat\u00f2gens d’una sola ... 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