Nicol\u00f2 Accanto, Inserm researcher at the in Insitut de la Vision (IDV), in the group of Valentina Emiliani, Paris\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n In the past 15 years, the synergy of two-photon (2P) microscopy and optogenetics\u00a0has transformed neuroscience, enabling high-resolution imaging and precise photostimulation of neuronal activity. Today, understanding\u00a0how neuronal networks in the brain interact to generate\u00a0perception, memory and behaviour, or in other words, deciphering the neuronal code,\u00a0requires to push the limits of 2P microscopy.<\/p>\n This involves studying the brain of freely moving animals engaged in natural tasks and accessing thousands of neurons on a very fast (100 ms) timescale, across large (> 5 mm) brain regions, while keeping individual neuron (5 \u00b5m) spatial\u00a0resolutions.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n In\u00a0this presentation I will outline our recent endeavours towards these goals. I will first show how 2P holographic photostimulation based on spatial light modulators is capable to precisely target individual neurons within\u00a0a large volume\u00a0[1].\u00a0I will then describe how we can use minimally invasive GRIN lenses to access deeper brain regions\u00a0[2], below the scattering limit.\u00a0Finally, I will detail our most advanced technique: a novel\u00a0fiber-based miniaturized microscope to image and photostimulate neuronal activity in freely moving mice\u00a0[3,4]. In the last part of the talk, I will present future directions for further\u00a0developments and applications in neuroscience.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n References<\/strong><\/p>\n [1] Accanto, N. et al. Multiplexed temporally focused light shaping for high-resolution multi-cell targeting. Optica 5, 1478 (2018).<\/p>\n [2] Accanto, N. et al. Multiplexed temporally focused light shaping through a gradient index lens for precise in-depth optogenetic photostimulation. Sci. Rep. 9, 7603 (2019).<\/p>\n [3]\u00a0Accanto, N. et al. A flexible two-photon fiberscope for fast activity imaging and precise optogenetic photostimulation of neurons in freely moving mice. Neuron 111, 176-189.e6\u00a0(2023).<\/p>\n [4]\u00a0Lorca-C\u00e1mara, Antonio, Blot, Francois & Accanto, N. Recent advances in light patterned optogenetic photostimulation in freely moving mice. Neurophotonics In press, 11, S11508 (2024).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"