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DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Madrid:20180601T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Madrid:20180601T110000
DTSTAMP:20260505T074212
CREATED:20180529T113652Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20180529T113652Z
UID:59326-1527847200-1527850800@ibecbarcelona.eu
SUMMARY:PhD Discussions Sessions: Jesús Ordoño and Ernest Latorre
DESCRIPTION:Lactate-based strategy for cardiac tissue engineering\nJesús Ordoño\, Biomaterials for regenerative therapies\nLactate is a metabolite of glycolysis\, commonly produced by cells consuming glucose. However\, growing evidences suggest new roles for this molecule\, as it has shown to act as a signalling molecule in many tissues. In this work\, we explore the effects of lactate on cardiac cells for tissue engineering applications. Our results demonstrate that lactate enhance cardiomyocyte proliferation and modulates different cell cycle related proteins\, supporting thus the idea that this molecule can be able to reprogram cardiomyocytes towards a more immature stage. Cardiac fibroblasts also show a dose-dependent response to lactate by modifying their secretome\, hence promoting a suitable environment for cardiac regeneration. Ex vivo culture of mouse hearts revealed the ability of lactate to increase survival of cardiomyocytes as well as to prolong the beating capacity of the cardiac tissue. \nWith all these new evidences of the action of lactate\, we cultured cardiac cells on a 3D scaffold based on collagen and elastin\, allowing engraftment and beating of the cardiac tissue. The response of such system to external electrical stimulus was evaluated using a pulsatile electric field stimulation\, showing a proliferative and more immature behaviour of the tissue in the presence of lactate. Cardiac cells also showed expression of specific lactate receptors and transporters\, such as MCT1\, MCT4 and GPR81. The correct development of sarcomeric structures was confirmed\, as well as the coupling and presence of intercalated disks. In conclusion\, lactate arises as a novel and feasible option to promote cardiac regeneration\, and therefore lactate-releasing scaffolds are a suitable strategy for cardiac tissue regeneration. \nActive superelasticity revealed by three-dimensional epithelial sheets of controlled size and shape\nErnest Latorre\, Integrative cell and tissue dynamics\nFundamental processes in development and physiology are determined by the three-dimensional architecture of epithelial sheets. How these sheets deform and fold into complex structures has remained unclear\, however\, because their mechanical properties in three-dimensions have not been accessed experimentally. By combining measurements of epithelial tension\, shape\, and luminal pressure\, here we show that epithelial cell sheets are active superelastic materials. We develop a new micropattering approach to produce massive arrays of epithelial domes with controlled basal shape and size. By measuring 3D deformations of the substrate and curvature of the dome we obtain a direct measurement of luminal pressure and epithelial tension. Observations over time-scales of hours allow us to map the epithelial tension-strain response\, revealing a tensional plateau over several-fold areal strain reaching 300%. We show that these extreme nominal strains are accommodated by a highly heterogeneous stretching of individual cells\, with barely deformed cells coexisting with others reaching 1000% areal strain\, in seeming contradiction with the measured tensional uniformity. This phenomenology is reminiscent of superelasticity\, a mechanical response generally attributed to microscopic material instabilities in metal alloys. We provide evidence that this instability is triggered in epithelial cells by limited availability of components of the actomyosin cortex. Finally\, we implement 3D vertex model\, which captures both the tension/strain relationship and strain heterogeneity. Our study unveils a new type of mechanical behavior -active superelasticity- that enables epithelial sheets to sustain extreme stretching under constant tension.
URL:https://ibecbarcelona.eu/event/phd-discussions-sessions-jesus-ordono-and-ernest-latorre/
LOCATION:IBEC\, floor 11\, Tower I\, Baldiri Reixac 4-8\, 08028 Barcelona\, Spain
CATEGORIES:PhD Discussions Session
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Madrid:20180601T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Madrid:20180601T110000
DTSTAMP:20260505T074212
CREATED:20180529T113652Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20180529T113652Z
UID:96258-1527847200-1527850800@ibecbarcelona.eu
SUMMARY:PhD Discussions Sessions: Jesús Ordoño and Ernest Latorre
DESCRIPTION:Lactate-based strategy for cardiac tissue engineering\nJesús Ordoño\, Biomaterials for regenerative therapies\nLactate is a metabolite of glycolysis\, commonly produced by cells consuming glucose. However\, growing evidences suggest new roles for this molecule\, as it has shown to act as a signalling molecule in many tissues. In this work\, we explore the effects of lactate on cardiac cells for tissue engineering applications. Our results demonstrate that lactate enhance cardiomyocyte proliferation and modulates different cell cycle related proteins\, supporting thus the idea that this molecule can be able to reprogram cardiomyocytes towards a more immature stage. Cardiac fibroblasts also show a dose-dependent response to lactate by modifying their secretome\, hence promoting a suitable environment for cardiac regeneration. Ex vivo culture of mouse hearts revealed the ability of lactate to increase survival of cardiomyocytes as well as to prolong the beating capacity of the cardiac tissue. \nWith all these new evidences of the action of lactate\, we cultured cardiac cells on a 3D scaffold based on collagen and elastin\, allowing engraftment and beating of the cardiac tissue. The response of such system to external electrical stimulus was evaluated using a pulsatile electric field stimulation\, showing a proliferative and more immature behaviour of the tissue in the presence of lactate. Cardiac cells also showed expression of specific lactate receptors and transporters\, such as MCT1\, MCT4 and GPR81. The correct development of sarcomeric structures was confirmed\, as well as the coupling and presence of intercalated disks. In conclusion\, lactate arises as a novel and feasible option to promote cardiac regeneration\, and therefore lactate-releasing scaffolds are a suitable strategy for cardiac tissue regeneration. \nActive superelasticity revealed by three-dimensional epithelial sheets of controlled size and shape\nErnest Latorre\, Integrative cell and tissue dynamics\nFundamental processes in development and physiology are determined by the three-dimensional architecture of epithelial sheets. How these sheets deform and fold into complex structures has remained unclear\, however\, because their mechanical properties in three-dimensions have not been accessed experimentally. By combining measurements of epithelial tension\, shape\, and luminal pressure\, here we show that epithelial cell sheets are active superelastic materials. We develop a new micropattering approach to produce massive arrays of epithelial domes with controlled basal shape and size. By measuring 3D deformations of the substrate and curvature of the dome we obtain a direct measurement of luminal pressure and epithelial tension. Observations over time-scales of hours allow us to map the epithelial tension-strain response\, revealing a tensional plateau over several-fold areal strain reaching 300%. We show that these extreme nominal strains are accommodated by a highly heterogeneous stretching of individual cells\, with barely deformed cells coexisting with others reaching 1000% areal strain\, in seeming contradiction with the measured tensional uniformity. This phenomenology is reminiscent of superelasticity\, a mechanical response generally attributed to microscopic material instabilities in metal alloys. We provide evidence that this instability is triggered in epithelial cells by limited availability of components of the actomyosin cortex. Finally\, we implement 3D vertex model\, which captures both the tension/strain relationship and strain heterogeneity. Our study unveils a new type of mechanical behavior -active superelasticity- that enables epithelial sheets to sustain extreme stretching under constant tension.
URL:https://ibecbarcelona.eu/event/phd-discussions-sessions-jesus-ordono-and-ernest-latorre-2/
LOCATION:IBEC\, floor 11\, Tower I\, Baldiri Reixac 4-8\, 08028 Barcelona\, Spain
CATEGORIES:PhD Discussions Session
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Madrid:20180629T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Madrid:20180629T110000
DTSTAMP:20260505T074212
CREATED:20180621T110702Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20180626T084027Z
UID:59653-1530266400-1530270000@ibecbarcelona.eu
SUMMARY:PhD Discussions Sessions: Helena Lozano and Martina Maier
DESCRIPTION:Electrical and morphological characterization of bacterial polar flagella\nHelena Lozano\, Nanoscale bioelectrical characterization\nThe electric polarization of proteins in response to external electric fields plays an important role to understand the electrostatic interaction of proteins with charged biomolecules and ions [1]. Even if dielectric studies on individual proteins have not been reported\, yet\, there have been some studies on protein complexes involving a relatively small number of proteins\, such as for instance\, virus capsids and virus tails [2\,3]. I am going to present the results of a dielectric study performed on a third protein complex system\, the bacterial polar flagellum\, which is composed of protein subunits called flagellin arranged in several intertwined chains [4]. In particular\, we perform a comparative study of the dielectric properties of single flagella belonging to two different bacteria types\, namely\, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Pseudomona aeruginosas PAO1. The dielectric properties (dielectric constant) have been obtained by combining Electrostatic Force Microscopy images [2] and 3D finite element numerical calculations. The values obtained are within the range of values obtained with macroscopic techniques [1].\nReferences:\n[1] Simonson\, T.\, Rep. Prog. Phys. 66 (2003) 737–787.\n[2] Fumagalli\, L.\, Esteban-Ferrer\, et al. Nature Materials 11 (2012) 743\n[3] Cuervo\, A.\, Dans\, P. D.\, et al. PNAS 111 (2014) E3624.\n[4] Lozano\, H.\, Fábregas\, R.\, Blanco-Cabra\, N.\, Millán-Solsona\, R. Torrents\, E.\, Gomila\, G. (in preparation). \nRehabilitation of cognitive deficits and depression after stroke\nMartina Maier\, SPECS\nCognitive deficits and depression are common consequences of stroke [1]\, [2]. Both have detrimental effects on quality of life and the activities of daily living [3]. In addition\, they have been linked to poor functional outcome and more severe impairment [4]\, [5]\, [6] than observed in patients without cognitive deficit or depression. Post-stroke depression has been related to cognitive impairment [7]\, but the dynamics of that relationship are not well understood\, as cognitive deficits and depression are typically studied and treated in isolation. The aim of our work is twofold. On one hand\, we investigate in how depression modulates cognitive functioning after a stroke. On the other\, we propose a new rehabilitation method that treats cognitive deficits and depression in conjunction. For this reason\, we conducted a longitudinal randomized clinical trial with chronic stroke patients. All patients had a cognitive impairment as measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. In addition\, they expressed various degrees of depression expressed by varying scores on the Hamilton Depression Scale. Our results so far suggest that the presence of depression modulates attentional processing similarly to a cognitive load in a psychophysical task. Moreover\, we see that depressive patients profited most of the conjunctive cognitive training and that the improvement was most evident in the attention domain. Further analysis will shed light on the underlying mechanisms of this improvement. We hope that this work will aid in not only find better rehabilitation methods\, but also improve current diagnostic tools. \nReferences:\n[1] M. Lesniak\, T. Bak\, W. Czepiel\, J. Seniów\, and A. Czlonkowska\, “Frequency and prognostic value of cognitive disorders in stroke patients\,” Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord.\, vol. 26\, no. 4\, pp. 356–363\, 2008.\n[2] M. L. Hackett and K. Pickles\, “Part I: Frequency of depression after stroke: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies\,” Int. J. Stroke\, vol. 9\, pp. 1017–1025\, 2014.\n[3] L. Mercier\, T. Audet\, R. Hébert\, A. Rochette\, and M. F. Dubois\, “Impact of motor\, cognitive\, and perceptual disorders on ability to perform activities of daily living after stroke.\,” Stroke.\, vol. 32\, no. 11\, pp. 2602–2608\, 2001.\n[4] R. G. Robinson and R. E. Jorge\, “Post-stroke depression: A review\,”Am. J. Psychiatry\, vol. 173\, pp. 221–23\, 2016.\n[5] R. Gillen\, H. Tennen\, T. E. McKee\, P. Gernert-Dott\, and G. Affleck\, “Depressive symptoms and history of depression predict rehabilitation efficiency in stroke patients\,” Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.\, vol. 82\, pp. 1645–1649\, 2001.\n[6] S. Paolucci\, G. Antonucci\, E. Gialloreti\, M. Traballesi\, S. Lubich\, L. Pratesi\, and L. Palombi\, “Predicting Stroke Inpatient Rehabilitation Outcome: The Prominent Role of Neuropsychological Disorders\,” Eur. Neurol.\, vol. 36\, no. 6\, pp. 385–390\, 1996.\n[7] M. L. Kauhanen\, J. T. Korpelainen\, P. Hiltunen\, E. Brusin\, H. Mononen\, R. Maatta\, et al.\, “Poststroke depression correlates with cognitive impairment and neurological deficits\,” Stroke\, vol. 30\, pp. 1875–1880\, 1999.
URL:https://ibecbarcelona.eu/event/phd-discussions-sessions-helena-lozano-and-martina-maier/
LOCATION:IBEC\, floor 11\, Tower I\, Baldiri Reixac 4-8\, 08028 Barcelona\, Spain
CATEGORIES:PhD Discussions Session
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Madrid:20180629T100000
DTEND;TZID=Europe/Madrid:20180629T110000
DTSTAMP:20260505T074212
CREATED:20180621T110702Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20180621T110702Z
UID:96268-1530266400-1530270000@ibecbarcelona.eu
SUMMARY:PhD Discussions Sessions: Helena Lozano and Martina Maier
DESCRIPTION:Electrical and morphological characterization of bacterial polar flagella\nHelena Lozano\, Nanoscale bioelectrical characterization\nThe electric polarization of proteins in response to external electric fields plays an important role to understand the electrostatic interaction of proteins with charged biomolecules and ions [1]. Even if dielectric studies on individual proteins have not been reported\, yet\, there have been some studies on protein complexes involving a relatively small number of proteins\, such as for instance\, virus capsids and virus tails [2\,3]. I am going to present the results of a dielectric study performed on a third protein complex system\, the bacterial polar flagellum\, which is composed of protein subunits called flagellin arranged in several intertwined chains [4]. In particular\, we perform a comparative study of the dielectric properties of single flagella belonging to two different bacteria types\, namely\, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Pseudomona aeruginosas PAO1. The dielectric properties (dielectric constant) have been obtained by combining Electrostatic Force Microscopy images [2] and 3D finite element numerical calculations. The values obtained are within the range of values obtained with macroscopic techniques [1].\nReferences:\n[1] Simonson\, T.\, Rep. Prog. Phys. 66 (2003) 737–787.\n[2] Fumagalli\, L.\, Esteban-Ferrer\, et al. Nature Materials 11 (2012) 743\n[3] Cuervo\, A.\, Dans\, P. D.\, et al. PNAS 111 (2014) E3624.\n[4] Lozano\, H.\, Fábregas\, R.\, Blanco-Cabra\, N.\, Millán-Solsona\, R. Torrents\, E.\, Gomila\, G. (in preparation). \nRehabilitation of cognitive deficits and depression after stroke\nMartina Maier\, SPECS\nCognitive deficits and depression are common consequences of stroke [1]\, [2]. Both have detrimental effects on quality of life and the activities of daily living [3]. In addition\, they have been linked to poor functional outcome and more severe impairment [4]\, [5]\, [6] than observed in patients without cognitive deficit or depression. Post-stroke depression has been related to cognitive impairment [7]\, but the dynamics of that relationship are not well understood\, as cognitive deficits and depression are typically studied and treated in isolation. The aim of our work is twofold. On one hand\, we investigate in how depression modulates cognitive functioning after a stroke. On the other\, we propose a new rehabilitation method that treats cognitive deficits and depression in conjunction. For this reason\, we conducted a longitudinal randomized clinical trial with chronic stroke patients. All patients had a cognitive impairment as measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. In addition\, they expressed various degrees of depression expressed by varying scores on the Hamilton Depression Scale. Our results so far suggest that the presence of depression modulates attentional processing similarly to a cognitive load in a psychophysical task. Moreover\, we see that depressive patients profited most of the conjunctive cognitive training and that the improvement was most evident in the attention domain. Further analysis will shed light on the underlying mechanisms of this improvement. We hope that this work will aid in not only find better rehabilitation methods\, but also improve current diagnostic tools. \nReferences:\n[1] M. Lesniak\, T. Bak\, W. Czepiel\, J. Seniów\, and A. Czlonkowska\, “Frequency and prognostic value of cognitive disorders in stroke patients\,” Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord.\, vol. 26\, no. 4\, pp. 356–363\, 2008.\n[2] M. L. Hackett and K. Pickles\, “Part I: Frequency of depression after stroke: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies\,” Int. J. Stroke\, vol. 9\, pp. 1017–1025\, 2014.\n[3] L. Mercier\, T. Audet\, R. Hébert\, A. Rochette\, and M. F. Dubois\, “Impact of motor\, cognitive\, and perceptual disorders on ability to perform activities of daily living after stroke.\,” Stroke.\, vol. 32\, no. 11\, pp. 2602–2608\, 2001.\n[4] R. G. Robinson and R. E. Jorge\, “Post-stroke depression: A review\,”Am. J. Psychiatry\, vol. 173\, pp. 221–23\, 2016.\n[5] R. Gillen\, H. Tennen\, T. E. McKee\, P. Gernert-Dott\, and G. Affleck\, “Depressive symptoms and history of depression predict rehabilitation efficiency in stroke patients\,” Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.\, vol. 82\, pp. 1645–1649\, 2001.\n[6] S. Paolucci\, G. Antonucci\, E. Gialloreti\, M. Traballesi\, S. Lubich\, L. Pratesi\, and L. Palombi\, “Predicting Stroke Inpatient Rehabilitation Outcome: The Prominent Role of Neuropsychological Disorders\,” Eur. Neurol.\, vol. 36\, no. 6\, pp. 385–390\, 1996.\n[7] M. L. Kauhanen\, J. T. Korpelainen\, P. Hiltunen\, E. Brusin\, H. Mononen\, R. Maatta\, et al.\, “Poststroke depression correlates with cognitive impairment and neurological deficits\,” Stroke\, vol. 30\, pp. 1875–1880\, 1999.
URL:https://ibecbarcelona.eu/event/phd-discussions-sessions-helena-lozano-and-martina-maier-2/
LOCATION:IBEC\, floor 11\, Tower I\, Baldiri Reixac 4-8\, 08028 Barcelona\, Spain
CATEGORIES:PhD Discussions Session
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR