{"id":12163,"date":"2015-01-26T17:25:23","date_gmt":"2015-01-26T17:25:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/new\/?p=12163"},"modified":"2015-02-03T16:03:24","modified_gmt":"2015-02-03T16:03:24","slug":"wounds-heal-using-a-cellular-tug-of-war-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/es\/wounds-heal-using-a-cellular-tug-of-war-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Las heridas se curan mediante un \u201ctira y afloja\u201d celular"},"content":{"rendered":"
Pie de foto: Fuerzas ejercidas por las c\u00e9lulas que rodean la brecha (l\u00ednea azul punteada) al principio se extienden lejos, luego se dirigen hacia la brecha durante la contracci\u00f3n del cable en \u00abbolsa de tabaco\u00bb (rojo).<\/h6>\n

Normalmente, en heridas peque\u00f1as o superficiales, las c\u00e9lulas empiezan a arrastrarse hacia adelante a trav\u00e9s del agujero, se forman unos cables contr\u00e1ctiles en las c\u00e9lulas que rodean la herida para ayudar a cerrar la herida. Este mecanismo se basa en una capa debajo sobre la que las c\u00e9lulas que se arrastran, la matriz extracelular (ECM), que les proporciona un soporte para adherirse y arrastrarse por encima.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, en casos de heridas cr\u00f3nicas o severas, las capas subyacentes pueden da\u00f1arse tambi\u00e9n, y las c\u00e9lulas circundantes pueden no ser capaces de reemplazar las prote\u00ednas de la matriz extracelular. Los investigadores quer\u00edan encontrar c\u00f3mo estos tipos de heridas \u2013 conocidas como brechas no adherentes \u2013 se cierran y se curan, aunque a un ritmo m\u00e1s lento y con una mayor probabilidad de infecci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\u201cHemos visto que el cerramiento de este tipo de agujeros se da exclusivamente mediante el mecanismo conocido como \u201ccierre en bolsa de tabaco\u201d, explica Xavier Trepat, investigador principal del grupo del IBEC Integraci\u00f3n Celular y Din\u00e1mica de Tejidos. \u201cUtilizando una combinaci\u00f3n de cultivos celulares, microfabricaci\u00f3n y medidas de fuerza. Hemos visto que las c\u00e9lulas en el borde de las brechas no adherentes est\u00e1n a\u00fan unidas a la matriz extracelular. Entonces se propagan tan lejos como les es posible a trav\u00e9s del centro del agujero – pero midiendo la direcci\u00f3n de las fuerzas nos dimos cuenta que en realidad lo que hacen es empujar lejos de \u00e9l.\u201d<\/p>\n

A pesar de que esto pueda sonar contra-intuitivo, en realidad estabiliza las c\u00e9lulas, un poco como un puente colgante, donde cada extremo apoyado en el borde ancla la extensi\u00f3n del puente en el espacio hasta que las dos partes se unen en el centro. Una vez que las c\u00e9lulas se han diseminado lo m\u00e1s lejos posible del agujero, se forman los cables contr\u00e1ctiles en \u201cbolsa de tabaco\u201d a trav\u00e9s de las c\u00e9lulas. La fuerza ejercida por estas c\u00e9lulas se invierte y las c\u00e9lulas empiezan a tirar la una de la otra a trav\u00e9s del centro del agujero, acelerando continuamente la contracci\u00f3n de la prote\u00edna cable. \u201cA medida que las c\u00e9lulas se mueven hacia dentro para cerrar el espacio vac\u00edo, m\u00e1s cables contr\u00e1ctiles pueden alcanzar la brecha y conectarse al otro lado,\u201d dije Xavier. \u201cEstos cables pueden contraerse r\u00e1pidamente, dando lugar a la formaci\u00f3n de una l\u00e1mina de c\u00e9lulas suspendidas sobre el hueco, y el cierre completo de la herida.\u201d<\/p>\n

El mecanismo de \u201ctira y afloja\u201d identificado en este estudio proporciona una demostraci\u00f3n s\u00f3lida de c\u00f3mo las c\u00e9lulas ejercen fuerzas direccionales para potenciar procesos biol\u00f3gicos. Estos nuevos conocimientos de las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas de la piel y las c\u00e9lulas internas epiteliales puede conducir a avances en la reparaci\u00f3n de heridas, especialmente en los casos en que se ve comprometida la matriz extracelular. Con las heridas cr\u00f3nicas, llagas y \u00falceras – una complicaci\u00f3n com\u00fan en varias enfermedades, particularmente aquellas asociadas con el envejecimiento – es imperativo que los investigadores a comprendan mejor los mecanismos que intervienen en su reparaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

Art\u00edculo de referencia: <\/strong><\/em>Vedula SR, Peyret G, Cheddadi I, Chen T, Brugu\u00e9s A, Hirata H, Lopez-Menendez H, Toyama Y, Neves de Almeida L, Trepat X, Lim CT & Ladoux B. (2015). Mechanics of epithelial closure over non-adherent environments.<\/a> Nat Commun.,<\/em> 6:6111<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Investigadores del IBEC revelan en un art\u00edculo de Nature Communications algunos mecanismos sorprendentes que conducen a cerrar el agujero epitelial en la ausencia de capes subyacentes<\/h3>\n

En colaboraci\u00f3n con sus compa\u00f1eros del Mechanobiology Institute en Singapur, los investigadores del IBEC han demostrado que una especie de \u201ctira y afloja\u201d tiene lugar tras el da\u00f1o de nuestra piel u otras capes epiteliales, particularmente en esos casos en los que el tejido se encuentra cr\u00f3nica o profundamente da\u00f1ado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11879,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-12163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias-de-investigacion"],"yoast_head":"\nLas heridas se curan mediante un \u201ctira y afloja\u201d celular - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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