{"id":6305,"date":"2012-03-06T10:15:36","date_gmt":"2012-03-06T10:15:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/new\/un-avance-en-la-comprension-de-las-enfermedades-relacionadas-con-el-envejecimiento-2\/"},"modified":"2015-01-07T14:23:19","modified_gmt":"2015-01-07T14:23:19","slug":"un-avance-en-la-comprension-de-las-enfermedades-relacionadas-con-el-envejecimiento-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/es\/un-avance-en-la-comprension-de-las-enfermedades-relacionadas-con-el-envejecimiento-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Un avance en la comprensi\u00f3n de las enfermedades relacionadas con el envejecimiento"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Antes, no estaba claro si las c\u00e9lulas madre pluripotentes inducidas (iPSCs) &#8211; c\u00e9lulas adultas reprogramadas gen\u00e9ticamente para alcanzar un estado similar al de las c\u00e9lulas madre embrionarias, que ofrecen una oportunidad inigualable para comprender muchas enfermedades humanas &#8211; podr\u00edan ayudar a saber m\u00e1s sobre enfermedades relacionadas con el envejecimiento. As\u00ed mismo, al monitorizar iPSCs de pacientes con dos clases de Parkinson junto con un grupo de control sano, los investigadores fueron testigo de los cambios en las neuronas dopamin\u00e9rgicas que son necesarias para el inicio de la enfermedad &#8211; y determinaron el detonante de estos cambios. <\/p>\n<p>\u00abEl Parkinson, que puede ser gen\u00e9tico o espor\u00e1dico, est\u00e1 causado por una p\u00e9rdida selectiva de estas neuronas, concretamente en la zona del cerebro responsable de controlar el movimiento,\u00bb explica \u00c1ngel Raya, que dirige el grupo de Control de Potencia de C\u00e9lulas Madre del IBEC. \u00abImitamos el proceso de envejecimiento fuera del cuerpo cultivando tres tipos de iPSCs &#8211; las de pacientes con Parkinson gen\u00e9tico, de pacientes con Parkinson espor\u00e1dicos y las de un grupo de control sano &#8211; durante un per\u00edodo de dos meses. Vimos que las c\u00e9lulas de pacientes con ambos tipos de Parkinson mostraban los cambios en las neuronas dopamin\u00e9rgicas necesarias para el desarrollo de la enfermedad, pero las de pacientes sanos no.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Esto revela que la susceptibilidad a la enfermedad de Parkinson espor\u00e1dica (no hereditaria) deber\u00eda estar codificada en los genomas de los pacientes de manera tan clara como lo est\u00e1 la tendencia de otros pacientes a desarrollar la enfermedad hereditaria, y tambi\u00e9n es la primera vez que se han descrito los fenotipos espont\u00e1neos que llevan al Parkinson espor\u00e1dico. Los investigadores tambi\u00e9n pudieron identificar que la alteraci\u00f3n neuronal que lleva a ambos tipos de Parkinson es resultado de una autofagia alterada (el proceso por el cual las c\u00e9lulas &#8216;hacen limpieza&#8217; degradando sus propios residuos t\u00f3xicos y sus partes da\u00f1adas).<\/p>\n<p>\u00abAdem\u00e1s de arrojar luz sobre algunos de los jugadores clave y de los mecanismos patol\u00f3gicos de la enfermedad, esto quiere decir que ahora tenemos un modelo experimental fiable que captura la complejidad gen\u00e9tica de los pacientes, muestra las principales caracter\u00edsticas del Parkinson, y a la larga puede permitir la identificaci\u00f3n de nuevas estrategias terap\u00e9uticas que pueden prevenir o poner remedio a la neurodegeneraci\u00f3n relacionada con el Parkinson,\u00bb dice \u00c1ngel. \u00abEn un contexto m\u00e1s amplio, tambi\u00e9n revela que la tecnolog\u00eda basada en las iPSCs se puede usara para explorar otras enfermedades de inicio tard\u00edo, como el Alzheimer.\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e1nchez-Dan\u00e9s, A. et al (2012). <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/emmm.201200215\/abstract\">Disease-specific phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/a> EMBO Mol Med, in press<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"left size-full wp-image-6300 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/old.jpg\" border=\"0\" width=\"250\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/old.jpg 400w, https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/old-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/old-224x150.jpg 224w, https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/03\/old-150x100.jpg 150w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 400px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 400\/267;\" \/>Investigadores del IBEC han dado un gran salto hacia la comprensi\u00f3n de la segunda enfermedad degenerativa m\u00e1s com\u00fan, la enfermedad de Parkinson, que afecta aproximadamente al 5% de la poblaci\u00f3n al alcanzar los 85 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6301,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-6305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias-de-investigacion"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Un avance en la 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