{"id":75650,"date":"2020-06-19T13:00:54","date_gmt":"2020-06-19T11:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=75650"},"modified":"2020-06-19T14:23:59","modified_gmt":"2020-06-19T12:23:59","slug":"bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/es\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\/","title":{"rendered":"Bioingenier\u00eda contra las infecciones bacterianas m\u00e1s resistentes y mortales"},"content":{"rendered":"

Incluso<\/span>\u00a0en tiempos de coronavirus, l<\/span>a tuberculosis\u00a0<\/span>sigue siendo<\/span>\u00a0la enfermedad\u00a0<\/span>infecciosa m\u00e1s letal<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>de<\/span>\u00a0todo el mundo<\/span>. Se estima que un tercio de la poblaci\u00f3n\u00a0<\/span>se ve<\/span>\u00a0afectada\u00a0<\/span>por la\u00a0<\/span>Mycobacterium<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>tuberculosis<\/span><\/i>, la bacteria responsable de la tuberculosis<\/span>\u00a0y<\/span>\u00a0que<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0al a\u00f1o,\u00a0<\/span>mueren\u00a0<\/span>una media de 1,8 millones de personas<\/span>\u00a0en todo el planeta<\/span>\u00a0por culpa de esta enfermedad<\/span>. E<\/span>l\u00a0<\/span>\u201c<\/span>secreto del \u00e9xito<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0de bacteria<\/span>s como la causante de la tuberculosis<\/span>\u00a0reside\u00a0<\/span>e<\/span>n su capacidad para burlar al sistema inmunol\u00f3gico<\/span>. Su estrategia consiste en\u00a0<\/span>esconderse<\/span>\u00a0en el interior<\/span>\u00a0de los macr\u00f3fagos,\u00a0<\/span>las<\/span>\u00a0c\u00e9lulas del sistema inmunitario\u00a0<\/span>especializadas en la lucha contra\u00a0<\/span>pat\u00f3genos<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>As\u00ed pues, estas c\u00e9lulas\u00a0<\/span>defensoras\u00a0<\/span>pasan de ser\u00a0<\/span>agentes\u00a0<\/span>protector<\/span>e<\/span>s a refugios de bacterias de forma que favorecen la infecci\u00f3n en vez de combatirla. Es lo que se conoce como la \u201cparadoja del macr\u00f3fago\u201d,\u00a0<\/span>una paradoja que ocurre<\/span>\u00a0ante infecciones\u00a0<\/span>originadas por las denominadas<\/span>\u00a0bacterias intracelulares.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ahora, u<\/span>n<\/span>\u00a0estudio\u00a0<\/span>liderad<\/span>o<\/span>\u00a0por\u00a0<\/span>los Profesores Giuseppe\u00a0Battaglia\u00a0y Loris\u00a0Rizzello<\/span>\u00a0del<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Instituto de Bioingenier\u00eda de Catalu\u00f1a<\/span>\u00a0(<\/span>IBEC<\/span>),<\/span>\u00a0ha demostrado\u00a0<\/span>la capacidad<\/span>\u00a0de unas ves\u00edculas sint\u00e9ticas\u00a0<\/span>de<\/span>\u00a0penetrar\u00a0<\/span>en\u00a0<\/span>los macr\u00f3fagos y\u00a0<\/span>liberar f\u00e1rmacos de manera espec\u00edfic<\/span>a<\/span>\u00a0contra\u00a0<\/span>pat\u00f3genos<\/span>\u00a0como\u00a0<\/span>Mycobacterium\u00a0tuberculosis<\/span><\/i>\u00a0y\u00a0<\/span>Staphylococcus\u00a0aureus<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0<\/span>El trabajo, publicado en la revista\u00a0<\/span>ACS Nano<\/span><\/i>\u00a0expone\u00a0<\/span>la eficacia de esta terapia en la reducci\u00f3n de la carga bacteriana en macr\u00f3fagos infectados,\u00a0<\/span>pudiendo llegar<\/span>\u00a0a la erradicaci\u00f3n total<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0seg\u00fan la combinaci\u00f3n de f\u00e1rmacos, tanto en experimentos\u00a0<\/span>in vitro<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>con c\u00e9lulas humanas, como\u00a0<\/span>in vivo<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>empleando el pez cebra como modelo animal.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Una\u00a0terapia\u00a0m\u00e1s\u00a0r\u00e1pida,\u00a0eficaz\u00a0y segura<\/h3>\n

L<\/span>os\u00a0<\/span>llamados\u00a0<\/span>polimersomas\u00a0PMPC-PDPA<\/span>\u00a0son<\/span>\u00a0unas ves\u00edculas\u00a0nanosc\u00f3picas\u00a0sint\u00e9ticas\u00a0<\/span>que contienen<\/span>\u00a0medicamentos encapsulados en su interior<\/span>. En contacto con los macr\u00f3fagos, estas ves\u00edculas<\/span>\u00a0son\u00a0<\/span>fagocitadas<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>y<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>u<\/span>na vez en\u00a0<\/span>el<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>espacio intracelular<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>liberan los\u00a0<\/span>correspondientes\u00a0<\/span>f\u00e1rmacos<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>E<\/span>l estudio demuestra<\/span>, por un lado,<\/span>\u00a0la efectividad\u00a0<\/span>de estas ves\u00edculas\u00a0<\/span>en<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>ocupar el\u00a0<\/span>interior de<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>los\u00a0<\/span>macr\u00f3fagos\u00a0<\/span>\u2013 este proceso<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>se produce<\/span>\u00a0en cuesti\u00f3n de minutos<\/span>– y<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0po<\/span>r otro lado,\u00a0<\/span>la<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>especifi<\/span>ci<\/span>dad a la hora de liberar la carga farmacol\u00f3gica<\/span>. L<\/span>o<\/span>s\u00a0<\/span>polimersomas\u00a0son altamente estables en condiciones de pH fisiol\u00f3gico (pH de 7,4) de manera que<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0cuando se encuentran circulando por el\u00a0<\/span>organismo<\/span>, no son capaces de liberar el\u00a0<\/span>medicamento<\/span>\u00a0que\u00a0<\/span>encierra<\/span>n<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>en su interior<\/span>. En cambio,\u00a0<\/span>la bajada de<\/span>\u00a0pH del medio intracelular\u00a0<\/span>promueve la activaci\u00f3n farmacol\u00f3gica<\/span>, evitando as\u00ed una distribuci\u00f3n no deseada de\u00a0<\/span>antibi\u00f3tico<\/span>\u00a0en otros\u00a0<\/span>lugares del\u00a0<\/span>cuerpo humano<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Por \u00faltimo, e<\/span>l estudio tambi\u00e9n\u00a0<\/span>corrobora<\/span>\u00a0la seguridad\u00a0<\/span>del\u00a0<\/span>enfoque<\/span>\u00a0terap\u00e9utico<\/span>\u00a0en lo que respecta a\u00a0<\/span>los\u00a0<\/span>posibles cambios<\/span>\u00a0que este mecanismo pudiera generar<\/span>\u00a0en el metabolismo celular<\/span>\u00a0de los macr\u00f3fagos<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>De hecho, los expertos no<\/span>\u00a0observ<\/span>aron<\/span>\u00a0ninguna diferencia entre macr\u00f3fagos tratados con\u00a0polimersomas\u00a0y macr\u00f3fagos sin tratar.\u00a0<\/span>T<\/span>ampoco se\u00a0<\/span>detect\u00f3<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>una respuesta inflamatoria ante la elevada<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>concentraci\u00f3n de\u00a0polimersomas<\/span>, confirmando as\u00ed la inocuidad de la terapia<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Desmontando la resistencia\u00a0antibi\u00f3tica de\u00a0las\u00a0bacterias intracelulares<\/h3>\n

En la actualidad, la terapia m\u00e1s empleada para luchar contra enfermedades como la tuberculosis consiste en la administraci\u00f3n combinada de\u00a0<\/span>una elevada cantidad de\u00a0<\/span>antibi\u00f3ticos durante un largo periodo de tiempo, que oscila entre los 6 y 9 meses.\u00a0<\/span>Los<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>tratamientos existente<\/span>s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>fomenta<\/span>n, as\u00ed,<\/span>\u00a0la aparici\u00f3n de bacterias multirresistentes\u00a0<\/span>capaces de sobrevivir ante la acci\u00f3n de\u00a0<\/span>los antibi\u00f3ticos<\/span>. Y, por tanto<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>entorpece<\/span>n<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a largo plazo<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>la erradicaci\u00f3n de infecciones por bacterias intracelulares.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

E<\/span>sta\u00a0<\/span>realidad<\/span>\u00a0pone de manifiesto la necesidad de encontrar soluciones alternativas\u00a0<\/span>m\u00e1s<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>eficaces<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>a la vez que r\u00e1pidas<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>como<\/span>\u00a0la que se describe en este art\u00edculo.\u00a0<\/span>De hecho, el equipo de expertos constata en su estudio\u00a0<\/span>que<\/span>\u00a0la terapia con ves\u00edculas sint\u00e9ticas precisa de dosis muy inferiores a las habituales para obtener los mismos resultados que en tratamientos tradicionales.\u00a0<\/span>En conclusi\u00f3n, este es u<\/span>n hallazgo muy prometedor<\/span>\u00a0para\u00a0<\/span>vencer<\/span>\u00a0infecciones<\/span>\u00a0tan letales como la tuberculosis<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0a la vez que\u00a0<\/span>se\u00a0<\/span>aborda una de las mayores amenazas para la salud global: la resistencia a los antibi\u00f3ticos<\/span>\u00a0de las bacterias intracelulares<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Art\u00edculo de referencia<\/span><\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>F.\u00a0Fenaroli, J. D. Robertson<\/span>, E.\u00a0Scarpa, V. M. Gouveia, C. Di\u00a0Guglielmo, C. De Pace,\u00a0Ph. M.\u00a0Elks, A. Poma, D.\u00a0Evangelopoulos, J. Ortiz Canseco, H. M. Marriott, D. H.\u00a0Dockrell, S. J. Foster, T.\u00a0McHugh, S. A. Renshaw, J. Samitier Mart\u00ed, G.\u00a0Battaglia\u00a0and L.\u00a0Rizzello<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Polymersomes eradicating intracellular bacteria<\/span><\/a>, ACS Nano, 2020.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Persona de contacto para prensa<\/span><\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>gorts@ibecbarcelona.eu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\"\"Un equipo internacional liderado por investigadores del Instituto de Bioingenier\u00eda de Catalu\u00f1a (IBEC) lleva a cabo un estudio que abre la puerta a una nueva terapia capaz de eliminar de manera r\u00e1pida, y eficaz, infecciones de bacterias intracelulares, las m\u00e1s resistentes a la maquinaria inmunol\u00f3gica.<\/h3>\n

Esta terapia, basada en ves\u00edculas sint\u00e9ticas, reducir\u00eda considerablemente la dosis y duraci\u00f3n de los tratamientos antimicrobianos, disminuyendo as\u00ed el peligro a generar resistencia a los antibi\u00f3ticos de pat\u00f3genos como los causantes de la tuberculosis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":75687,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[1106,1137,1164],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-75650","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias-de-investigacion","tag-giuseppe-battaglia-es","tag-josep-samitier-es","tag-loris-rizzello"],"yoast_head":"\nBioingenier\u00eda contra las infecciones bacterianas m\u00e1s resistentes y mortales - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/es\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bioingenier\u00eda contra las infecciones bacterianas m\u00e1s resistentes y mortales - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un equipo internacional liderado por investigadores del Instituto de Bioingenier\u00eda de Catalu\u00f1a (IBEC) lleva a cabo un estudio que abre la puerta a una nueva terapia capaz de eliminar de manera r\u00e1pida, y eficaz, infecciones de bacterias intracelulares, las m\u00e1s resistentes a la maquinaria inmunol\u00f3gica. Esta terapia, basada en ves\u00edculas sint\u00e9ticas, reducir\u00eda considerablemente la dosis y duraci\u00f3n de los tratamientos antimicrobianos, disminuyendo as\u00ed el peligro a generar resistencia a los antibi\u00f3ticos de pat\u00f3genos como los causantes de la tuberculosis.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/es\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-06-19T11:00:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-06-19T12:23:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/pulmones_web.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u00c0ngels L\u00f3pez\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u00c0ngels L\u00f3pez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/es\\\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/es\\\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\u00c0ngels L\u00f3pez\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/c212c6b589546130be67986b9290e2b8\"},\"headline\":\"Bioingenier\u00eda contra las infecciones bacterianas m\u00e1s resistentes y mortales\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-06-19T11:00:54+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-06-19T12:23:59+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/es\\\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":803,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/es\\\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/06\\\/pulmones_web.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Giuseppe Battaglia\",\"Josep Samitier\",\"loris rizzello\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Noticias de investigaci\u00f3n\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/es\\\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ibecbarcelona.eu\\\/es\\\/bioingenieria-contra-las-infecciones-bacterianas-mas-resistentes-y-mortales\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bioingenier\u00eda contra las infecciones bacterianas m\u00e1s resistentes y mortales - 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