{"id":79263,"date":"2020-11-25T09:33:09","date_gmt":"2020-11-25T08:33:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=79263"},"modified":"2021-05-17T10:17:46","modified_gmt":"2021-05-17T08:17:46","slug":"nuevas-moleculas-desarrolladas-en-ibec-permiten-dilatar-la-pupila-con-luz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/es\/nuevas-moleculas-desarrolladas-en-ibec-permiten-dilatar-la-pupila-con-luz\/","title":{"rendered":"Nuevas mol\u00e9culas desarrolladas en IBEC permiten dilatar la pupila con luz"},"content":{"rendered":"

El descubrimiento abre el camino al desarrollo de terapias m\u00e1s seguras y efectivas dirigidas a los receptores adren\u00e9rgicos como, por ejemplo, en los procedimientos oftalmol\u00f3gicos.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Adrenoswitches<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00bfEs posible dilatar las pupilas utilizando luz? La respuesta parecer\u00eda ser que no, ya que \u00e9stas est\u00e1n dise\u00f1adas para ajustarse a la intensidad de la luz ambiental, precisamente en el sentido contrario. Es por ello que, para una prueba com\u00fanmente realizada por los oftalm\u00f3logos para examinar el nervio \u00f3ptico y la retina, sea necesario dilatar la pupila con medicamentos, los llamados agentes midri\u00e1ticos. Desafortunadamente, estos procedimientos de dilataci\u00f3n de la pupila presentan efectos secundarios adversos como visi\u00f3n borrosa, aumento de la sensibilidad a la luz y aumento de la presi\u00f3n ocular.<\/p>\n

Ahora, investigadores del grupo ‘Nanoprobes and Nanoswitches’ del Instituto de Bioingenier\u00eda de Catalu\u00f1a (IBEC), tambi\u00e9n investigadores CIBER-BBN,\u00a0 liderados por el profesor de investigaci\u00f3n ICREA Pau Gorostiza, en colaboraci\u00f3n con varios institutos de investigaci\u00f3n (UAH, EHU, UAB, IRYCIS, IDIBAPS, IRB), han hallado una alternativa innovadora.<\/p>\n

En un estudio publicado en la revista Angewandte Chemie<\/em> International Edition, los investigadores han demostrado que los receptores adren\u00e9rgicos o adrenoceptores se pueden \u00abencender y apagar\u00bb utilizando luz y un conjunto de nuevas mol\u00e9culas desarrolladas en IBEC. Los investigadores llamaron a estas mol\u00e9culas innovadoras \u00abadrenoswitches\u00bb, o \u201cinterruptores adren\u00e9rgicos\u201d.<\/p>\n

Para demostrar el efecto de estos interruptores moleculares, los investigadores se centraron en un \u00f3rgano que ofrece una ventana perfecta a la luz: el ojo. Una forma de inducir la dilataci\u00f3n de la pupila es utilizar agonistas de los adrenoceptores, prote\u00ednas que se expresan en casi cualquier \u00f3rgano y tejido del cuerpo humano y que regulan, tambi\u00e9n, importantes funciones fisiol\u00f3gicas como la frecuencia card\u00edaca y respiratoria, la digesti\u00f3n, el tono vascular, el di\u00e1metro de la pupila y la secreci\u00f3n de gl\u00e1ndulas.<\/p>\n

\u201c<\/span><\/span>Adrenoswitches<\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span>\u00a0o interruptores adren\u00e9rgicos<\/span><\/span>, mol\u00e9culas innovadoras<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>ensayadas<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>in vivo<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Utilizando an\u00e1logos no convencionales de una mol\u00e9cula fotosensible llamada azobenceno, los investigadores dise\u00f1aron los nuevos compuestos. Demostraron, primero, que estos \u201cadrenoswitches\u201d, son capaces bajo las condiciones adecuadas de iluminaci\u00f3n, de dilatar los vasos sangu\u00edneos en ratas (efecto antihipertensivo) y de reducir la movilidad en el pez cebra (efecto sedante).<\/p>\n

La diferencia entre mol\u00e9culas comercializadas y los nuevos \u201cadrenoswitches\u201d radica en que \u00e9stos \u00faltimos est\u00e1n inactivos en la oscuridad, mientras que la iluminaci\u00f3n con luz violeta activa su acci\u00f3n, de tal modo que es posible controlar mejor su uso. Los agentes dilatadores de los ojos (midri\u00e1ticos) que se utilizan com\u00fanmente en varios procedimientos oft\u00e1lmicos, presentan efectos secundarios. Es por ello que la industria farmac\u00e9utica est\u00e1 buscando nuevos f\u00e1rmacos que puedan desactivar su acci\u00f3n tras la exploraci\u00f3n ocular. Por el contrario, los investigadores del IBEC imaginaron un f\u00e1rmaco que dilatara la pupila solo durante el examen, y que luego se desactivara, tan pronto como se apagara la luz.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Figura:\u00a0<\/span><\/span>El<\/span><\/span>\u00a0grado de dilataci\u00f3n<\/span><\/span>\u00a0de la pupila est\u00e1 regulado por \u03b1-<\/span><\/span>adrenoceptores<\/span><\/span>\u00a0ubicados en el m\u00fasculo dilatador del iris. La exposici\u00f3n a la luz intensa induce una contracci\u00f3n espont\u00e1nea de la pupila como mecanismo reflejo para proteger la retina. Adrenoswitch-1, un agonista\u00a0<\/span><\/span>fotocr<\/span><\/span>\u00f3mico<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u03b1-adren\u00e9rgico (A),<\/span><\/span>\u00a0provoca<\/span><\/span>\u00a0una respuesta en ratones ciegos tras la activaci\u00f3n con luz violeta (B). En animales\u00a0<\/span><\/span>silvestres<\/span><\/span>, el compuesto inhibi\u00f3 el reflejo pupilar causado por la luz violeta (<\/span><\/span>trazo\u00a0<\/span><\/span>p\u00farpura), mientras\u00a0<\/span><\/span>que la respuesta a la luz visible se mantuvo (<\/span><\/span>trazo\u00a0<\/span><\/span>verde) (C) Fuente:\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Angewandte<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Chemie<\/span><\/span>\u00a0International\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Edition<\/span><\/span>, 2020.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span> <\/span><\/h6>\n

Las mol\u00e9culas que hemos desarrollado, denominadas\u00a0Adrenoswitches, podr\u00edan ser una herramienta disruptiva para activar de forma selectiva procesos fisiol\u00f3gicos con un rayo de luz, y desarrollar terapias seguras y efectivas.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Davia\u00a0Prischich. Investigadora del IBEC y autora principal del art\u00edculo.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Cuando se prob\u00f3 en ratones ciegos, cuyas pupilas no responden a la iluminaci\u00f3n, la mol\u00e9cula adrenoswitch-1 provoc\u00f3 una dilataci\u00f3n de la pupila que se revirti\u00f3 al retirar la fuente de luz activadora. En los animales silvestres, inhibi\u00f3 el reflejo de contracci\u00f3n de la pupila al activarla con luz violeta. Se espera que el hallazgo permita amplias aplicaciones fundamentales y terap\u00e9uticas, ya que combina la selectividad de la modulaci\u00f3n farmacol\u00f3gica con las propiedades precisas de la luz.<\/p>\n

\n

Art\u00edculo de referencia:<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Davia\u00a0Prischich, Alexandre M. J.\u00a0Gomila, Santiago Milla-Navarro,\u00a0Gemma\u00a0Sang\u00fcesa, Rebeca Diez-Alarcia, Beatrice\u00a0Preda, Carlo Matera, Montserrat Batlle, Laura Ram\u00edrez,\u00a0Ernest\u00a0Giralt, Jordi Hernando,\u00a0Eduard\u00a0Guasch, J. Javier Meana, Pedro de la Villa, Pau Gorostiza. Adrenergic<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b>modulation<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b>with<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b>photochromic<\/span><\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/b>ligands<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span>Angewandte\u00a0Chemie, International\u00a0Edition. 2020.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un estudio liderado por investigadores del Grupo ‘Nanoprobes y Nanoswitches’ del Instituto de Bioingenier\u00eda de Catalu\u00f1a (IBEC) muestra, por primera vez, que las prote\u00ednas receptoras que controlan procesos como la reacci\u00f3n de la pupila pueden regularse con luz y nuevos compuestos qu\u00edmicos denominados \u00abAdrenoswitches\u00bb.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":79245,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[1314,1315,1152],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-79263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias-de-investigacion","tag-adrenoswitches-es","tag-davia-prischich-es","tag-pau-gorostiza-es"],"yoast_head":"\nNuevas mol\u00e9culas desarrolladas en IBEC permiten dilatar la pupila con luz - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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