{"id":86260,"date":"2021-07-20T12:28:25","date_gmt":"2021-07-20T10:28:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/?p=86260"},"modified":"2021-07-20T15:54:02","modified_gmt":"2021-07-20T13:54:02","slug":"descubren-como-se-transmite-la-electricidad-dentro-de-las-bacterias-cable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/es\/descubren-como-se-transmite-la-electricidad-dentro-de-las-bacterias-cable\/","title":{"rendered":"Descubren la causa de las extraordinarias propiedades el\u00e9ctricas de las bacterias-cable"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
Figura: Imagen de microscop\u00eda de fuerza at\u00f3mica de c\u00e9lulas de bacterias-cable con los cables proteicos en la envoltura celular que van continuamente de c\u00e9lula a la c\u00e9lula (Imagen: M. Checa).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En 2010, los cient\u00edficos observaron misteriosas corrientes el\u00e9ctricas en el fondo marino. Despu\u00e9s de examinar muestras de sedimentos, se revel\u00f3 que\u00a0se originaban por bacterias filamentosas llamadas bacterias-cable. Se trata de largas cadenas formadas por c\u00e9lulas apiladas una encima de la otra, llegando a tener m\u00e1s de 10.000 de c\u00e9lulas. Las bacterias-cable contienen estructuras similares a cables que pasan de una c\u00e9lula a otra conectando ininterrumpidamente todo el filamento y que\u00a0tienen la capacidad \u00fanica de transportar corrientes el\u00e9ctricas a distancias de un cent\u00edmetro de largo.\u00a0Las bacterias-cable\u00a0participan en el control de la eutrofizaci\u00f3n (el enriquecimiento excesivo en nutrientes) del agua y reducen\u00a0la producci\u00f3n de metano (uno de los gases del efecto invernadero). Adem\u00e1s, se asocian a otras bacterias para convertir energ\u00eda qu\u00edmica de los fondos de los oc\u00e9anos en energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La disponibilidad de organismos con\u00a0propiedades el\u00e9ctricas\u00a0tan interesantes como las bacterias-cable\u00a0tiene un gran potencial para nuevas aplicaciones en bioelectr\u00f3nica.\u00a0Sin embargo, hasta ahora no se conoc\u00eda ni la estructura ni el\u00a0mecanismo de transporte de electrones\u00a0que utilizaban estos microorganismos.\u00a0Ahora, un equipo internacional de investigadores ha realizado\u00a0un\u00a0descubrimiento\u00a0pionero\u00a0que explica muchas de esas inc\u00f3gnitas. Utilizando una combinaci\u00f3n de\u00a0microscop\u00eda de alta resoluci\u00f3n, espectroscop\u00eda e im\u00e1genes qu\u00edmicas, han identificado\u00a0que el\u00a0n\u00edquel\u00a0es el metal\u00a0activo que permite la conductividad en estos \u00abcables vivos\u00bb.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Es la primera vez que se describe un mecanismo de este tipo para <\/span>el transporte de electrones a largo alcance<\/span>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Gabriel\u00a0<\/span>Gomila<\/span>, jefe de grupo en IBEC\u00a0<\/span>y profesor<\/span>\u00a0de la Universidad de Barcelona (UB)<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

El trabajo<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>publicado en la prestigiosa revista\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Nature<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Communications<\/span><\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>h<\/span>a sido dirigido por los\u00a0<\/span>Drs<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>H.S.T.\u00a0<\/span>Boschker<\/span> (Delft University of Technology) y F. J. R. <\/span>Meysman<\/span>\u00a0(University of Antwerp)<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>juntamente<\/span>\u00a0con\u00a0<\/span>cient<\/span>\u00ed<\/span>ficos<\/span>\u00a0de\u00a0<\/span>otros<\/span>\u00a017\u00a0<\/span>centros<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>incluyendo<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>invest<\/span>i<\/span>gadores<\/span>\u00a0del IBEC\u00a0<\/span>liderados<\/span>\u00a0por\u00a0<\/span>el<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>profesor<\/span> de la UB, y L\u00edder de Grupo en IBEC<\/a>, Gabriel Gomila. <\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cables aislantes\u00a0<\/span>hechos\u00a0<\/span>de prote\u00ednas<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Las bacterias-cable pertenecen a la familia\u00a0<\/span>Desulfobulbaceae<\/span><\/i>, y a\u00a0pesar de ser el foco de\u00a0intensas\u00a0investigaciones,\u00a0a\u00fan existen\u00a0varias\u00a0inc\u00f3gnitas\u00a0a su respecto.\u00a0Muchas\u00a0de las\u00a0t\u00e9cnicas tradicionales utilizadas\u00a0con\u00a0otras\u00a0bacterias\u00a0no son compatibles con las bacterias-cable debido a su\u00a0complejo metabolismo y estilo de vida, que\u00a0dificultan\u00a0el cultivo\u00a0en laboratorio\u00a0y la recolecci\u00f3n de biomasa.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ahora, los investigadores han\u00a0superado estos\u00a0obst\u00e1culos\u00a0combinando t\u00e9cnicas de vanguardia\u00a0y han logrado obtener\u00a0una visi\u00f3n m\u00e1s\u00a0detallada\u00a0y clara que nunca de las bacterias-cable\u00a0y de\u00a0sus peculiares fibras conductoras.\u00a0Los resultados revelaron que las fibras\u00a0tienen\u00a0un n\u00facleo proteico rico en n\u00edquel (27% del \u00e1rea de\u00a0una\u00a0secci\u00f3n transversal) que canaliza la corriente el\u00e9ctrica, mientras que la\u00a0capa exterior, aislante\u00a0y deficiente en n\u00edquel,\u00a0est\u00e1 compuesta por\u00a0prote\u00ednas.\u00a0Han observado\u00a0que la\u00a0estructura de\u00a0dichas\u00a0fibras\u00a0es similar\u00a0a la de cables el\u00e9ctricos dom\u00e9sticos.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Los investigadores demostraron adem\u00e1s el papel\u00a0fundamental\u00a0del n\u00edquel en\u00a0la\u00a0conducci\u00f3n\u00a0de la electricidad\u00a0oxid\u00e1ndolo o elimin\u00e1ndolo selectivamente de ciertas muestras. Cuando lo hicieron, la conductividad de las fibras disminuy\u00f3 dr\u00e1sticamente.\u00a0<\/span>Los novedosos resultados de este trabajo ampl\u00edan la escala de longitud conocida de conducci\u00f3n de electricidad a trav\u00e9s de\u00a0estructuras proteicas\u00a0de micr\u00f3metros a cent\u00edmetros.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aunque a\u00fan\u00a0quede\u00a0mucho por\u00a0descubrir sobre las bacterias-cable, como las\u00a0base gen\u00e9ticas\u00a0y moleculares\u00a0de\u00a0un transporte de electrones de largo alcance tan eficiente,\u00a0este estudio\u00a0abre las puertas a otros descubrimientos sobre estos\u00a0enigm\u00e1ticos organismos. Una vez tengamos una\u00a0mejor comprensi\u00f3n de c\u00f3mo exactamente aprovechan la electricidad, alg\u00fan d\u00eda podr\u00edan usarse para aumentar la eficiencia de las celdas de combustible microbianas e incluso para ayudar a limpiar los derrames de petr\u00f3leo de los oc\u00e9anos, entre otras\u00a0posibles\u00a0aplicaciones.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n

Art\u00edculo de referencia:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Henricus\u00a0T. S.\u00a0Boschker\u00a0et al.\u00a0<\/span>Efficient long-range conduction in cable bacteria through nickel protein wires<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span>Nat Communications<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>12,\u00a0<\/span><\/b>3996 (2021).<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un estudio publicado en\u00a0Nature\u00a0Communications determina el elemento clave en el transporte de electricidad en las llamadas bacterias-cable, abriendo las puertas a entender los secretos de seres capaces de transformar energ\u00eda qu\u00edmica en el\u00e9ctrica, con gran importancia para el ecosistema marino y potencial para nuevas aplicaciones en bioelectr\u00f3nica.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":86266,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[1113],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-86260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias-de-investigacion","tag-gabriel-gomila-es"],"yoast_head":"\nDescubren la causa de las extraordinarias propiedades el\u00e9ctricas de las bacterias-cable - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/es\/descubren-como-se-transmite-la-electricidad-dentro-de-las-bacterias-cable\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Descubren la causa de las extraordinarias propiedades el\u00e9ctricas de las bacterias-cable - 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