{"id":95753,"date":"2022-06-02T16:28:05","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T14:28:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/testweb.ibecbarcelona.eu\/mechanical-signals-involved-in-the-early-development-of-the-mouse-cerebral-cortex-described-for-the-first-time\/"},"modified":"2022-07-16T13:38:27","modified_gmt":"2022-07-16T11:38:27","slug":"mechanical-signals-involved-in-the-early-development-of-the-mouse-cerebral-cortex-described-for-the-first-time","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/es\/mechanical-signals-involved-in-the-early-development-of-the-mouse-cerebral-cortex\/","title":{"rendered":"Descritas por primera vez las se\u00f1ales mec\u00e1nicas implicadas en el desarrollo temprano de la corteza cerebral del rat\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un equipo cient\u00edfico coordinado por Jos\u00e9 Antonio del R\u00edo del Instituto de Bioingenier\u00eda de Catalu\u00f1a (IBEC) ha observado las se\u00f1ales mec\u00e1nicas y las fuerzas de tracci\u00f3n involucradas en la migraci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas de Cajal-Retzius, un grupo de neuronas con un importante papel en el desarrollo de la corteza cerebral. El estudio, realizado en roedores, se publica en la revista\u00a0<em>Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"http:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JAntonio_del_Rio_web.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-92072 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La formaci\u00f3n del cerebro es un proceso largo y complejo que comienza en las primeras fases del desarrollo embrionario. Entre las partes que se forman, se encuentra el c\u00f3rtex o corteza cerebral, implicada en actividades tan relevantes como la motora, la sensorial y la visual, y en funciones superiores como la imaginaci\u00f3n y el pensamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si bien varias de las se\u00f1ales qu\u00edmicas que promueven el desarrollo del c\u00f3rtex han sido definidas en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, el papel que juegan las se\u00f1ales mec\u00e1nicas y las fuerzas de tracci\u00f3n celular presentes en este proceso ha permanecido, hasta ahora, desconocido. Por primera vez, un equipo cient\u00edfico liderado por el Instituto de Bioingenier\u00eda de Catalu\u00f1a (IBEC) en colaboraci\u00f3n con la Universidad de Barcelona describe el rol de las se\u00f1ales mec\u00e1nicas en el desarrollo cortical en un tipo concreto de c\u00e9lulas, las c\u00e9lulas de Cajal-Retzius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Las c\u00e9lulas de Cajal-Retzius, descubiertas por Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal y Gustaf Retzius en 1890 y 1892, respectivamente, son las primeras neuronas que se originan en la corteza cerebral embrionaria. En ratones, estas c\u00e9lulas se generan entre los d\u00edas ocho y trece del desarrollo embrionario en cuatro \u00e1reas proliferativas del cerebro localizadas fuera de la corteza cerebral. A partir de estas regiones, los distintos grupos de c\u00e9lulas de Cajal-Retizus migran tangencialmente de forma muy r\u00e1pida para situarse en una zona superficial de la corteza denominada preplaca cortical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Con esta migraci\u00f3n coordinada, las neuronas de Cajal-Retzius promueven la posterior formaci\u00f3n de las capas de la corteza cerebral tal y como las podemos observar en la edad adulta. De acuerdo con los resultados del estudio, la acci\u00f3n coordinada de las se\u00f1ales qu\u00edmicas y mec\u00e1nicas presentes en la matriz extracelular de la capa superficial de la corteza (tambi\u00e9n denominada zona marginal o capa I) gu\u00eda la migraci\u00f3n y la distribuci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas de Cajal-Retzius en la corteza en desarrollo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Neurobiotecnolog\u00eda para entender el desarrollo cortical temprano<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Para conocer las distintas se\u00f1ales mec\u00e1nicas que gu\u00edan la migraci\u00f3n de las neuronas pioneras, el equipo liderado por Jos\u00e9 Antonio del R\u00edo, investigador principal del grupo de Neurobiotecnolog\u00eda Molecular y Celular del IBEC, llev\u00f3 a cabo diversas aproximaciones experimentales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cEn la hip\u00f3tesis de partida pensamos que las posibles diferencias en la rigidez de la matriz extracelular entre distintas regiones pod\u00edan ser un factor a tener en cuenta al analizar la migraci\u00f3n celular. Por eso, decidimos observar mediante microscop\u00eda de fuerzas at\u00f3micas los cambios de rigidez regionales y mimetizar las diferencias en cultivos empleando andamios tridimensionales\u201d, afirma del R\u00edo, quien tambi\u00e9n es Catedr\u00e1tico de Biolog\u00eda Celular de la Facultad de Biolog\u00eda de la Universidad de Barcelona, miembro del Instituto de Neurociencias de la misma Universidad (UBNeuro) y de Ciberned. As\u00ed, el equipo puso a punto hasta ocho tipos de cultivo diferentes. \u201cLuego cultivamos en estos andamios c\u00e9lulas de Cajal-Retzius generadas en las distintas regiones y analizamos su comportamiento\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pero, \u00bfc\u00f3mo detectan las c\u00e9lulas de Cajal-Retzius las diferencias de rigidez de la matriz extracelular? &nbsp;\u201cLa respuesta podr\u00eda estar ligada a la existencia de canales i\u00f3nicos implicados en mecanotransducci\u00f3n en este tipo celular\u201d, comenta del R\u00edo. \u201cPara evaluarlo, desarrollamos un experimento de p\u00e9rdida de funci\u00f3n utilizando un veneno de ara\u00f1a que inhibe los canales mecanosensibles cati\u00f3nicos. De forma que las c\u00e9lulas de Cajal-Retzius eran capaces de \u201csentir\u201d cambios de rigidez extracelular. &nbsp;Adem\u00e1s, pudimos comprobar que distintos grupos de c\u00e9lulas de Cajal-Retzius presentan diferencias intr\u00ednsecas en la capacidad de ejercer fuerzas mec\u00e1nicas sobre el substrato.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gracias a estos experimentos, el equipo investigador ha podido concluir que las capacidades m\u00f3viles de las c\u00e9lulas de Cajal-Retzius y su distribuci\u00f3n en la corteza cerebral tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1n moduladas por las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas espec\u00edficas de las propias c\u00e9lulas de Cajal-Retzius dependiendo de su zona de origen y de la rigidez diferencial de las rutas migratorias que siguen los distintos grupos de c\u00e9lulas de Cajal-Retzius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La importancia de la mecanobiolog\u00eda en la neurobiolog\u00eda del desarrollo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En humanos, una mala funci\u00f3n o migraci\u00f3n de las c\u00e9lulas de Cajal-Retzius puede dar lugar a lisencefalias, enfermedades que se manifiestan por la ausencia de pliegues en la corteza cerebral y cuya esperanza de vida, lamentablemente, es de pocos a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-default is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u201c<em>Por su elevado impacto, pensamos que la mecanobiolog\u00eda adquirir\u00e1 cada vez m\u00e1s relevancia, no solo en el estudio y comprensi\u00f3n del desarrollo de tejidos y \u00f3rganos (entre ellos el cerebro), sino tambi\u00e9n para entender los procesos responsables de malformaci\u00f3n tisular. Toda esta informaci\u00f3n ser\u00e1 de gran utilidad en la prevenci\u00f3n de enfermedades en diversos \u00f3rganos y tejidos, como las lisencefalias<\/em>\u201d<\/p><cite><em>Jos\u00e9 Antonio del R\u00edo<\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Reference article:<\/strong> L\u00f3pez-Mengual, Ana; Segura-Feliu, Miriam; Sunyer, Raimon; Sanz-Fraile, H\u00e9ctor; Otero, Jorge; Mesquida-Veny, Francina; Vanessa Gil; Arnau Hervera Abad; Isidre Ferrer; Jordi Soriano-Fradera; Xavier Trepat; Ramon Farre; Daniel Navajas; Jose A. Del Rio. (2022): <em>Involvement of Mechanical Cues in the Migration of Cajal-Retzius Cells in the Marginal Zone During Neocortical Development<\/em>. Frontiers. Collection. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.886110\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.886110<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><H3>A scientific team coordinated by Jos\u00e9 Antonio del R\u00edo from the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) observed the mechanical signals and traction forces involved in the migration of Cajal-Retzius cells, a group of neurons that play an important role in the development of the cerebral cortex. The study, conducted on rodents, has been published in the journal Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.<\/H3><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":72063,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[1726,1727,1133],"post_formats":[],"class_list":["post-95753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-research-news","tag-brain-es","tag-cajal-retzius-cells-es","tag-jose-antonio-del-rio-es"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Descritas por primera vez las se\u00f1ales mec\u00e1nicas implicadas en el desarrollo temprano de la corteza cerebral del rat\u00f3n - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ibecbarcelona.eu\/es\/mechanical-signals-involved-in-the-early-development-of-the-mouse-cerebral-cortex\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Descritas por primera vez las se\u00f1ales mec\u00e1nicas implicadas en el desarrollo temprano de la corteza cerebral del rat\u00f3n - Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A scientific team coordinated by Jos\u00e9 Antonio del R\u00edo from the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) observed the mechanical signals and traction forces involved in the migration of Cajal-Retzius cells, a group of neurons that play an important role in the development of the cerebral cortex. 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