by Keyword: procalcitonin
van Aalen, EA, Rosier, BJHM, Jansen, T, Wouters, SFA, Vermathen, RT, van der Veer, HJ, Lozano, JY, Mughal, S, Fernández-Costa, J, Ramón-Azcón, J, den Toonder, JMJ, Merkx, M, (2023). Integrated Bioluminescent Immunoassays for High-Throughput Sampling and Continuous Monitoring of Cytokines Analytical Chemistry 95, 8922-8931 
Immunoassays show great potential for the detection of low levels of cytokines, due to their high sensitivity and excellent specificity. There is a particular demand for biosensors that enable both high-throughput screening and continuous monitoring of clinically relevant cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). To this end, we here introduce a novel bioluminescent immunoassay based on the ratiometric plug-and-play immunodiagnostics (RAPPID) platform, with an improved intrinsic signal-to-background and an >80-fold increase in the luminescent signal. The new dRAPPID assay, comprising a dimeric protein G adapter connected via a semiflexible linker, was applied to detect the secretion of IL-6 by breast carcinoma cells upon TNFα stimulation and the production of low concentrations of IL-6 (∼18 pM) in an endotoxin-stimulated human 3D muscle tissue model. Moreover, we integrated the dRAPPID assay in a newly developed microfluidic device for the simultaneous and continuous monitoring of changes in IL-6 and TNFα in the low-nanomolar range. The luminescence-based read-out and the homogeneous nature of the dRAPPID platform allowed for detection with a simple measurement setup, consisting of a digital camera and a light-sealed box. This permits the usage of the continuous dRAPPID monitoring chip at the point of need, without the requirement for complex or expensive detection techniques.
JTD Keywords: cells, code, elisa, il-6, inflammation, kits, pathogenesis, procalcitonin, release, Interleukin-6
