Scalable and high-throughput platforms to non-invasively record the Action Potentials (APs) of excitable cells are highly demanded to accelerate disease diagnosis and drug discovery. AP recordings are typically achieved with the invasive and low-throughput patch clamp technique. Non-invasive alternatives like planar multielectrode arrays cannot record APs without membrane poration, preventing accurate measurements of disease states and drug effects. Here, we disclose reliable and non-invasive recording of APs with patch clamp-like quality from human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes using an inkjet-printed polymer semiconductor in an Electrolyte-Gated Field-Effect Transistor configuration. High sensitivity is proven by the detection of drug-induced pro-arrhythmic membrane potential oscillations as early/delayed afterdepolarizations. The higher throughput potential of this platform could significantly enhance disease modelling, drug screening, safety pharmacology and the study of abiotic/biotic interfaces.
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Kyndiah, A, Zemignani, GZ, Ronchi, C, Tullii, G, Khudiakov, A, Iachetta, G, Chiodini, S, Moreddu, R, Viola, FA, Schwartz, PJ, Gomila, G, De Angelis, F, Sala, L, Antognazza, MR, Caironi, M, (2025). Non-invasive action potential recordings using printed electrolyte-gated polymer field-effect transistors Nature Communications 16, 8143 