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by Keyword: 3d hydrogels
del Río, EP, Esplugues-Lopez, A, Heyvaert, Y, Jergitsch, M, Colombi, S, Ahmadi, M, Martinez, H, Ginebra, MP, Alemán, C, Mateos-Timoneda, MA, García-Torres, J, (2026). Integrating electrical conductivity capability into 3D printed alginate-gelatin hydrogels as skin tissue constructs for temperature sensing COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES 257, 115206 
The development of electrically conductive hydrogels has emerged as a critical advancement in soft electronics, enabling multifunctional devices for biomedical applications. This work introduces biocompatible and conductive three-dimensional (3D) printed hydrogels based on alginate-gelatin matrices, modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and MXene nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx), as electronic-engineered skin hybrid platforms for temperature sensing. The hydrogels demonstrate tunable conductivity, reaching values of 0.44 S/m for AuNPmodified and 1.04 S/m for MXene-modified samples. Structural analysis confirmed the preservation of a porous architecture, while rheological studies highlighted their mechanical integrity. Both modifications imparted temperature sensitivity, with an approximately 20 % increase in current response between 30 degrees C and 40 degrees C and sensitivities in the range from - 1.54-2.00 %degrees C- 1. These hydrogels also exhibit excellent cytocompatibility, making them ideal candidates for engineered skin scaffolds. The combination of temperature sensing and biocompatibility advances the potential use of conductive hydrogels in real-time physiological monitoring and infection detection, marking a significant contribution to the field of bioelectronics.
JTD Keywords: 3d hydrogels, Alginate-gelatin, Au nps, In-vitro, Mxene nanosheets, Nanoparticles, Scaffolds, Soft, Temperature sensor
Del Río, EP, Rey-Vinolas, S, Santos, F, Castellote-Borrell, M, Merlina, F, Veciana, J, Ratera, I, Mateos-Timoneda, MA, Engel, E, Guasch, J, (2024). 3D Printing as a Strategy to Scale-Up Biohybrid Hydrogels for T Cell Manufacture ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 16, 50139-50146
The emergence of cellular immunotherapy treatments is introducing more efficient strategies to combat cancer as well as autoimmune and infectious diseases. However, the cellular manufacturing procedures associated with these therapies remain costly and time-consuming, thus limiting their applicability. Recently, lymph-node-inspired PEG-heparin hydrogels have been demonstrated to improve primary human T cell culture at the laboratory scale. To go one step further in their clinical applicability, we assessed their scalability, which was successfully achieved by 3D printing. Thus, we were able to improve primary human T cell infiltration in the biohybrid PEG-heparin hydrogels, as well as increase nutrient, waste, and gas transport, resulting in higher primary human T cell proliferation rates while maintaining the phenotype. Thus, we moved one step further toward meeting the requirements needed to improve the manufacture of the cellular products used in cellular immunotherapies.
JTD Keywords: 3d hydrogels, 3d printing, Cance, Cell therapy, T cells
