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by Keyword: Nanosheets
del Río, EP, Esplugues-Lopez, A, Heyvaert, Y, Jergitsch, M, Colombi, S, Ahmadi, M, Martinez, H, Ginebra, MP, Alemán, C, Mateos-Timoneda, MA, García-Torres, J, (2026). Integrating electrical conductivity capability into 3D printed alginate-gelatin hydrogels as skin tissue constructs for temperature sensing COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES 257, 115206 
The development of electrically conductive hydrogels has emerged as a critical advancement in soft electronics, enabling multifunctional devices for biomedical applications. This work introduces biocompatible and conductive three-dimensional (3D) printed hydrogels based on alginate-gelatin matrices, modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and MXene nanosheets (Ti3C2Tx), as electronic-engineered skin hybrid platforms for temperature sensing. The hydrogels demonstrate tunable conductivity, reaching values of 0.44 S/m for AuNPmodified and 1.04 S/m for MXene-modified samples. Structural analysis confirmed the preservation of a porous architecture, while rheological studies highlighted their mechanical integrity. Both modifications imparted temperature sensitivity, with an approximately 20 % increase in current response between 30 degrees C and 40 degrees C and sensitivities in the range from - 1.54-2.00 %degrees C- 1. These hydrogels also exhibit excellent cytocompatibility, making them ideal candidates for engineered skin scaffolds. The combination of temperature sensing and biocompatibility advances the potential use of conductive hydrogels in real-time physiological monitoring and infection detection, marking a significant contribution to the field of bioelectronics.
JTD Keywords: 3d hydrogels, Alginate-gelatin, Au nps, In-vitro, Mxene nanosheets, Nanoparticles, Scaffolds, Soft, Temperature sensor
Fontana-Escartín, A, Bertran, O, Alemán, C, (2024). Materials engineering in electrochemical biosensors: A review of cost-effective approaches to efficient biodetection Materials Today Communications 41, 111030
Electrochemical sensors are sophisticated devices capable of detecting a wide range of chemical compounds with exceptional sensitivity and efficiency. Their importance is particularly pronounced in biomedical applications, where the rapid and accurate detection of biomolecules such as dopamine (DA), glucose (G), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is crucial for early diagnosis and disease management. These biomarkers are key in monitoring and managing conditions like diabetes, Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases, and bacterial infections. This review provides a comprehensive overview of electrochemical biosensors, detailing the methodologies commonly used by researchers and the latest technological advancements that enable more efficient device development. In this regard, the focus is on the impact and trends of various materials utilized in the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors, including conducting polymers, ceramics, and carbon-based materials. By examining the state of the art, we explore how these materials contribute to enhanced performance and reliability. Furthermore, while the development of highly selective and sensitive nanocomposites has been a primary focus in the field, this review also highlights efforts toward creating cost-effective biosensors with rapid prototyping capabilities. Such innovations aim to maintain high efficacy in electrochemical detection while making advanced diagnostics more accessible. In conclusion, this study aims to inform researchers and professionals about the evolving materials landscape in electrochemical biosensing, offering insights into the future directions of this critical technology.
JTD Keywords: Biomolecules, Biosensor, Dopamine, Electroactive materials, Electrochemical sensors, Electrode, Glucose biosensor, Nanoparticles, Nanosheets, Oxidas, Sensor, Temperature, Transition-metal carbides, Uric-acid
