Publications

Respiratory patterns present great variability, both in healthy subjects and in patients with different diseases and forms of nasal, oral, superficial or deep breathing. The analysis of this variability depends, among others, on the device used to record the signals that describe these patterns. In this study, we propose multivariable regression models to estimate tidal volume (V-T) considering different breathing patterns. Twenty-three healthy volunteers underwent continuous multisensor recordings considering different modes of breathing. Respiratory flow and volume signals were recorded with a pneumotachograph and thoracic and abdominal respiratory inductive plethysmographic bands. Several respiratory parameters were extracted from the volume signals, such as inspiratory and expiratory areas (Area(ins), Area(exp)), maximum volume relative to the cycle start and end (VTins, VTexp), inspiratory and expiratory time (T-ins, T-exp), cycle duration (T-tot), and normalized parameters of clinical interest. The parameters with the greatest individual predictive power were combined using multivariable models to estimate V-T. Their performance were quantified in terms of determination coefficient (R-2), relative error (E-R) and interquartile range (IQR). Using only three parameters, the results obtained for the thoracic band (V Texp, Ttot, Areaexp) were better than those obtained from the abdominal band (VTexp, T-ins, Area(ins)) with R-2 = 0.94 (IQR: 0.07); ER = 6.99 (IQR: 6.12) vs R-2 = 0.91 (IQR: 0.09), E-R = 8.70 (IQR: 4.62). Overall performance increased to R-2 = 0.97 (IQR: 0.02) and E-R = 4.60 (IQR: 3.68) when parameters from the different bands were combined, further improving when was applied to segments with different inspiration-expiration patterns. In particular, the nose-nose E-R = 1.39 (IQR: 0.73), nose-mouth E-R = 2.11 (IQR: 1.23) and mouth-mouth E-R = 2.29 (IQR: 1.44) patterns showed the best results compared to those obtained for basal, shallow and deep breathing.

JTD Keywords: Climate action

JTD Keywords: added value chemicals, amino-acids, catalytic-hydrogenation, climate, design, electrochemical reduction, electroreduction, green co2 conversion to ethanol, nitrogen, photocatalytic reduction, polarized hydroxyapatite, recycling co2, sea-level, Acetone, Added value chemicals, Added-value chemicals, C-c coupling, Calcium apatites, Carbon dioxide, Carbon-dioxide, Co 2 reduction, Co2 reduction, Ethanol, Green co2 conversion to ethanol, Hard tissues, Hydroxyapatite, Mixtures, Morphology, Morphology and composition, Naturally occurring, Organic carbon, Phosphate minerals, Polarized hydroxyapatite, Recycling co2

High ambient temperature and humidity greatly increase the risk of hyperthermia and mortality, particularly in infants, who are especially prone to dehydration. World areas at high risk of heat stress include many of the low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) where most of their inhabitants have no access to air conditioning. This study aimed to design, evaluate, and test a novel low-cost and easy-to-assemble device aimed at preventing the risk of infant hyperthermia in LMICs. The device is based on optimizing negative heat transfer from a small amount of ice and transferring it directly to the infant by airflow of refrigerated air. As a proof of concept, a device was assembled mainly using recycled materials, and its performance was assessed under laboratory-controlled conditions in a climatic chamber mimicking realistic stress conditions of high temperature and humidity. The device, which can be assembled by any layperson using easily available materials, provided sufficient refrigerating capacity for several hours from just 1–2 kg of ice obtained from a domestic freezer. Thus, application of this novel device may serve to attenuate the adverse effects of heat stress in infants, particularly in the context of the evolving climatic change trends. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

JTD Keywords: air conditioning, ambient-temperature, death, heat, heat index, heat shock, heatwave, high ambient temperature, hyperthermia, low-cost refrigeration, low-middle income countries, mortality, negative heat transfer, Air conditioning, Algorithm, Article, Climate change, Cost benefit analysis, Environmental temperature, Heat index, Heat shock, Heat stress, Heat transfer, Heating, Heatwave, High ambient temperature, High temperature, Humidity, Hyperthermia, Low income country, Low-cost refrigeration, Low-middle income countries, Middle income country, Middle-income countries, Negative heat transfer, Prevention study, Refrigeration, Temperature stress, Thawing