Publications

Objective: Most endodontic diseases are bacterium-mediated inflammatory or necrotic process induced by contaminated dental pulp. Although great advances are being performed to obtain more efficient antibacterial strategies for persistent infections, most studies lack of representative models to test their antibacterial effects and their outcomes cannot be promptly translated to clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to refine an ex vivo endodontic biofilm model combining human tooth, computer guided design and 3D printing to obtain a more reproducible and predictable model. Methods: Monoradicular teeth were cut using three different methods: hand-held (HCC), mechanical precision (MPC) and computer aid guided cutting (CGC). Then, blocks were reassembled. The different model preparations were assessed in terms of dimensional tolerance, surface analysis, liquid tightness and Enterococcus faecalis biofilm development for 21 days, which was studied by metabolic assays and confocal microscopy. Then, the proposed model was validated using different commercial disinfecting treatments. Results: CGC exhibited significantly lower deviation and surface without defects compared to HHC and MPC, leading to superior liquid tightness. Similarly, mature biofilms with high metabolic activity and vitality were observed in all conditions, CGC showing the lowest variation. Regarding the model validation, all antibacterial treatments resulted in the complete eradication of bacteria in the standard 2D model, whereas commercial treatments exhibited varying levels of efficacy in the proposed ex vivo model, from moderately reduction of metabolic activity to complete elimination of biofilm. Conclusions: The novel guided approach represents a more reliable, standardized, and reproducible model for the evaluation of endodontic disinfecting therapies. Clinical Significance: During antibacterial treatment development, challenging 3D models using teeth substrates to test antibacterial treatments novel guided approach represents a more reliable, standardized, and reproducible model for the evaluation of endodontic disinfecting therapies.

JTD Keywords: 3d printin, Bacteria, Biofilm, Computer-aided manufacturing, Dental model, Dentin, Efficacy, Endodontics, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus-faecalis, Irrigation, Protocols, Removal, Resistance, Susceptibility, Syste

Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and the capacity of the bacterium to coexist and interact with a broad range of microorganisms have a substantial clinical impact. This review focuses on the main traits of P. aeruginosa biofilms, such as the structural composition and regulatory networks involved, placing particular emphasis on the clinical challenges they represent in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm infection clearance. Furthermore, the ability of P. aeruginosa to grow together with other microorganisms is a significant pathogenic attribute with clinical relevance; hence, the main microbial interactions of Pseudomonas are especially highlighted and detailed throughout this review. This article also explores the infections caused by single and polymicrobial biofilms of P. aeruginosa and the current models used to recreate them under laboratory conditions. Finally, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm strategies developed against P. aeruginosa mono and multispecies biofilms are detailed at the end of this review.

JTD Keywords: aeruginosa models, antibiotic-resistance, antimicrobials, bacterial biofilms, biofilms, c-di-gmp, chronic infections, enterococcus-faecalis, extracellular dna, in-vitro, lectin pa-iil, p, p. aeruginosa models, polymicrobial, polymicrobial interactions, staphylococcus-aureus, Antimicrobials, Biofilms, Chronic infections, P. aeruginosa models, Polymicrobial, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Urinary-tract-infection