by Keyword: Non-invasive mechanical ventilation
Sarlabous, L., Estrada, L., Cerezo-Hernández, A., Leest, Sietske V. D., Torres, A., Jané, R., Duiverman, M., Garde, Ainara, (2019). Electromyography-based respiratory onset detection in COPD patients on non-invasive mechanical ventilation Entropy 21, (3), 258 
To optimize long-term nocturnal non-invasive ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, surface diaphragm electromyography (EMGdi) might be helpful to detect patient-ventilator asynchrony. However, visual analysis is labor-intensive and EMGdi is heavily corrupted by electrocardiographic (ECG) activity. Therefore, we developed an automatic method to detect inspiratory onset from EMGdi envelope using fixed sample entropy (fSE) and a dynamic threshold based on kernel density estimation (KDE). Moreover, we combined fSE with adaptive filtering techniques to reduce ECG interference and improve onset detection. The performance of EMGdi envelopes extracted by applying fSE and fSE with adaptive filtering was compared to the root mean square (RMS)-based envelope provided by the EMG acquisition device. Automatic onset detection accuracy, using these three envelopes, was evaluated through the root mean square error (RMSE) between the automatic and mean visual onsets (made by two observers). The fSE-based method provided lower RMSE, which was reduced from 298 ms to 264 ms when combined with adaptive filtering, compared to 301 ms provided by the RMS-based method. The RMSE was negatively correlated with the proposed EMGdi quality indices. Following further validation, fSE with KDE, combined with adaptive filtering when dealing with low quality EMGdi, indicates promise for detecting the neural onset of respiratory drive.
JTD Keywords: Fixed sample entropy, Adaptive filtering, Root mean square, Diaphragm electromyography, Non-invasive mechanical ventilation, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Dellaca, R. L., Gobbi, A., Govoni, L., Navajas, D., Pedotti, A., Farre, R., (2009). A novel simple Internet-based system for real time monitoring and optimizing home mechanical ventilation International Conference on Ehealth, Telemedicine, and Social Medicine: Etelemed 2009, Proceedings 
International Conference on eHealth, Telemedicine, and Social Medicine (ed. Conley E.C., Doarn, C., HajjamElHassani, A.), IEEE Compuer Soc (Cancun, Mexico) , 209-215
The dissemination of the available telemedicine systems for the optimization of home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is prevented by the need of complex infrastructures. We developed a device which, once connected to Internet through the mobile phone network, allows an authorized physician connected to Internet to monitor the ventilator signals and modify the settings in real-time without the need of external data servers. The system was evaluated during experiments performed by tele-controlling a mechanical ventilator in Barcelona from Milano. A bench study verified the reliability and robustness of the system while an in-vivo test showed that it was possible to monitor and tele-control the ventilator to maintain the oxygen saturation of a rat ventilated in Barcelona subjected to interventions. Given that the system avoids the need for any complex telemedicine architecture and allows an individual and independent ventilator tele-control, it can be a new helpful tool to optimize HMV.
JTD Keywords: Home mechanical ventilation, Non-invasive mechanical ventilation, Telemedicine
