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by Keyword: Nanorobots
Ju, Xiaohui, Chen, Chuanrui, Oral, Cagatay M, Sevim, Semih, Golestanian, Ramin, Sun, Mengmeng, Bouzari, Negin, Lin, Xiankun, Urso, Mario, Nam, Jong Seok, Cho, Yujang, Peng, Xia, Landers, Fabian C, Yang, Shihao, Adibi, Azin, Taz, Nahid, Wittkowski, Raphael, Ahmed, Daniel, Wang, Wei, Magdanz, Veronika, Medina-Sanchez, Mariana, Guix, Maria, Bari, Naimat, Behkam, Bahareh, Kapral, Raymond, Huang, Yaxin, Tang, Jinyao, Wang, Ben, Morozov, Konstantin, Leshansky, Alexander, Abbasi, Sarmad Ahmad, Choi, Hongsoo, Ghosh, Subhadip, Fernandes, Barbara Borges, Battaglia, Giuseppe, Fischer, Peer, Ghosh, Ambarish, Sanchez, Beatriz Jurado, Escarpa, Alberto, Martinet, Quentin, Palacci, Jeremie, Lauga, Eric, Moran, Jeffrey, Ramos-Docampo, Miguel A, Stadler, Brigitte, Restrepo, Ramon Santiago Herrera, Yossifon, Gilad, Nicholas, James D, Ignes-Mullol, Jordi, Puigmarti-Luis, Josep, Liu, Yutong, Zarzar, Lauren D, Shields, C Wyatt, Li, Longqiu, Li, Shanshan, Ma, Xing, Gracias, David H, Velev, Orlin, Sanchez, Samuel, Esplandiu, Maria Jose, Simmchen, Juliane, Lobosco, Antonio, Misra, Sarthak, Wu, Zhiguang, Li, Jinxing, Kuhn, Alexander, Nourhani, Amir, Maric, Tijana, Xiong, Ze, Aghakhani, Amirreza, Mei, Yongfeng, Tu, Yingfeng, Peng, Fei, Diller, Eric, Sakar, Mahmut Selman, Sen, Ayusman, Law, Junhui, Sun, Yu, Pena-Francesch, Abdon, Villa, Katherine, Li, Huaizhi, Fan, Donglei Emma, Liang, Kang, Huang, Tony Jun, Chen, Xiang-Zhong, Tang, Songsong, Zhang, Xueji, Cui, Jizhai, Wang, Hong, Gao, Wei, Bandari, Vineeth Kumar, Schmidt, Oliver G, Wu, Xianghua, Guan, Jianguo, Sitti, Metin, Nelson, Bradley J, Pane, Salvador, Zhang, Li, Shahsavan, Hamed, He, Qiang, Kim, Il-Doo, Wang, Joseph, Pumera, Martin, (2025). Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots ACS Nano 19, 24174-24334
Inspired by Richard Feynman's 1959 lecture and the 1966 film Fantastic Voyage, the field of micro/nanorobots has evolved from science fiction to reality, with significant advancements in biomedical and environmental applications. Despite the rapid progress, the deployment of functional micro/nanorobots remains limited. This review of the technology roadmap identifies key challenges hindering their widespread use, focusing on propulsion mechanisms, fundamental theoretical aspects, collective behavior, material design, and embodied intelligence. We explore the current state of micro/nanorobot technology, with an emphasis on applications in biomedicine, environmental remediation, analytical sensing, and other industrial technological aspects. Additionally, we analyze issues related to scaling up production, commercialization, and regulatory frameworks that are crucial for transitioning from research to practical applications. We also emphasize the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to address both technical and nontechnical challenges, such as sustainability, ethics, and business considerations. Finally, we propose a roadmap for future research to accelerate the development of micro/nanorobots, positioning them as essential tools for addressing grand challenges and enhancing the quality of life.
JTD Keywords: Catalytic nanomotor, Chemically powered nanomotors, Collective behavior, Drug-delivery, Functionality, Humans, Intelligence, Janus micromotors, Low-reynolds-number, Metal-organic frameworks, Micro/nanorobots, Motion control, Multiparticle collision dynamics, Nanotechnology, Near-infrared light, Propulsion, Robotics, Self-propelled micromotors, Smart materials, Technological translatio, Technological translation
Ruiz-González, N, Esporrín-Ubieto, D, Hortelao, AC, Fraire, JC, Bakenecker, AC, Guri-Canals, M, Cugat, R, Carrillo, JM, Garcia-Batlletbó, M, Laiz, P, Patiño, T, Sánchez, S, (2024). Swarms of Enzyme-Powered Nanomotors Enhance the Diffusion of Macromolecules in Viscous Media Small 20, 2309387 
Over the past decades, the development of nanoparticles (NPs) to increase the efficiency of clinical treatments has been subject of intense research. Yet, most NPs have been reported to possess low efficacy as their actuation is hindered by biological barriers. For instance, synovial fluid (SF) present in the joints is mainly composed of hyaluronic acid (HA). These viscous media pose a challenge for many applications in nanomedicine, as passive NPs tend to become trapped in complex networks, which reduces their ability to reach the target location. This problem can be addressed by using active NPs (nanomotors, NMs) that are self-propelled by enzymatic reactions, although the development of enzyme-powered NMs, capable of navigating these viscous environments, remains a considerable challenge. Here, the synergistic effects of two NMs troops, namely hyaluronidase NMs (HyaNMs, Troop 1) and urease NMs (UrNMs, Troop 2) are demonstrated. Troop 1 interacts with the SF by reducing its viscosity, thus allowing Troop 2 to swim more easily through the SF. Through their collective motion, Troop 2 increases the diffusion of macromolecules. These results pave the way for more widespread use of enzyme-powered NMs, e.g., for treating joint injuries and improving therapeutic effectiveness compared with traditional methods. The conceptual idea of the novel approach using hyaluronidase NMs (HyaNMs) to interact with and reduce the viscosity of the synovial fluid (SF) and urease NMs (UrNMs) for a more efficient transport of therapeutic agents in joints.image
JTD Keywords: Biological barrier, Clinical research, Clinical treatments, Collective motion, Collective motion,nanomotors,nanorobots,swarming,viscous medi, Collective motions, Complex networks, Enzymatic reaction, Enzymes, Hyaluronic acid, Hyaluronic-acid,ph,viscoelasticity,adsorption,barriers,behavior,ureas, Macromolecules, Medical nanotechnology, Nano robots, Nanomotors, Nanorobots, Swarming, Synovial fluid, Target location, Viscous media, Viscous medium
Ma, Xing, Sánchez, Samuel, (2017). Self-propelling micro-nanorobots: challenges and future perspectives in nanomedicine Nanomedicine 12, (12), 1363-1367
Parmar, J., Vilela, D., Pellicer, E., Esqué-de los Ojos, D., Sort, J., Sánchez, S., (2016). Reusable and long-lasting active microcleaners for heterogeneous water remediation Advanced Functional Materials 26, (23), 4152-4161
Self-powered micromachines are promising tools for future environmental remediation technology. Waste-water treatment and water reuse is an essential part of environmental sustainability. Herein, we present reusable Fe/Pt multi-functional active microcleaners that are capable of degrading organic pollutants (malachite green and 4-nitrophenol) by generated hydroxyl radicals via a Fenton-like reaction. Various different properties of microcleaners, such as the effect of their size, short-term storage, long-term storage, reusability, continuous swimming capability, surface composition, and mechanical properties, are studied. It is found that these microcleaners can continuously swim for more than 24 hours and can be stored more than 5 weeks during multiple cleaning cycles. The produced microcleaners can also be reused, which reduces the cost of the process. During the reuse cycles the outer iron surface of the Fe/Pt microcleaners generates the in-situ, heterogeneous Fenton catalyst and releases a low concentration of iron into the treated water, while the mechanical properties also appear to be improved due to both its surface composition and structural changes. The microcleaners are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nanoindentation, and finite-element modeling (FEM).
JTD Keywords: Catalysts, Heterogeneous catalysis, Microcleaners, Micromotors, Nanorobots, Wastewater treatment
